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Maddy - CPR I - some pharm > Heart Failure Drugs > Flashcards

Heart Failure Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

spironolactone effects

A

K+ sparing diuretic - blunts ability of aldosterone to promote Na+/k+ exchange

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2
Q

spironolactone MOA

A

competitive antagonist of aldosterone receptors

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3
Q

spironolactone clinical app

A
  • counteracts K+ loss induced by other diuretics - tx of primary aldosteronism
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4
Q

toxicities of spironolactone

A
  • hyperkalemia - amenorrhea, hirsutism, gynecomastia, impotence
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5
Q

furosemide MOA

A

blocks NaKCCl2 transporter in thick ascending loop

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6
Q

furosemide effects

A

increased excretion of water, sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, Ca2+

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7
Q

furosemide clinical app

A
  • edema - decreases preload - rapid dyspnea relief - HTN - ACUTE DECOMPENSATED HEART FAILURE
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8
Q

toxicities of furosemide

A
  • hypokalemia - hyponatremia - hypocalcemia - hypomagnesemia - hyperglycemia - hyperuricemia
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9
Q

hydrochlorothiazide MOA

A

blocks Na/Cl cotransporter in distal convoluted tubule

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10
Q

hydrochlorothiazide effects

A

increases urinary excretion of sodium and water, potassium, and magnesium

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11
Q

hydrochlorothiazide clinical app

A
  • HTN - edema
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12
Q

toxicities of hydrochlorothiazide

A
  • orthostatic hypotension - hypokalemia - hypomagnesemia - hyponatremia - hypochloric metabolic alkalosis
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13
Q

digoxin MOA

A

inhibits Na/K ATPase in myocardial cells

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14
Q

digoxin effects

A
  • suppression of AV conduction - increased contractility - positive inotropic event but decreased ventricular rate
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15
Q

digoxin clinical app

A

control of ventricular respones rate in chronic atrial fib - heart failure

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16
Q

toxicities of digoxin

A
  • hyperkalemia - accelerated junctional rhythm - asystole - atrial tach - heart block - dizziness, mental disturbances, HA, confusion - rash - N/V/D - blurred or yellow vision
17
Q

aliskiren

A

blocks renin

18
Q

ARBs

A

aldosterone receptor blockers

19
Q

ACE inhibitors cause what sx by maintaining bradykinin in the body

A
  • vasodilation - decrease in GFR - cough - inflammation
20
Q

ACE inhibitors lead to less angiotensin II, the effect of these inhibitors is:

A
  • less vasoconstriction (decreased afterload) - less aldosterone secretion so less water retention (decreased preload) - decreased cell proliferation and remodeling
21
Q

Losartan

A

angiotensin II receptor antagonist

22
Q

Captopril

A

ACE inhibitor

23
Q

effects of captopril

A
  • lowers angiotensin II levels –> increased renin activity and decreased aldosterone secretion - lowers BP
24
Q

toxicities of captopril

A
  • cough - hypotension - HA - angioedema
25
Q

effects of Losartan

A
  • inhibition of RAAS - blocks vasoconstriction and aldosterone secretion effects of angiotensin II
26
Q

toxicities of Losartan

A
  • effects common in pts with diabetic neuropathy - hypotension - fatigue, dizziness, fever - cough
27
Q

valsartan/sacubitril

A

inhibits neutral endopeptidase –> prolongs natriuretic peptides –> increased vasodilation

28
Q

toxicities of valsartan/sacubitril

A
  • hypotension - hyperkalemia - increased serum creatinine
29
Q

carvedilol

A

beta blocker - nonselective beta and alpha adrenergic blocker with no intrinsic sympathomimetic activity

30
Q

toxicities of carvedilol

A
  • hypotension - bradycardia - syncope - AV block - cough
31
Q

carvedilol should only be administered to _____ pts

A

clinically stable pts

32
Q

pts with left ventricular systolic dysfunction caused by MI should be give ____ with carvedilol

A

ACE inhibitors

33
Q

ivabradine MOA

A

inhibition of HCN channels and funny channels in SA node

34
Q

ivabradine clinical app

A

tx of resting tachycardia

35
Q

toxicities of ivabradine

A
  • bradycardia - hypertension - increased risk a fib - heart block

Maddy - CPR I - some pharm (25 decks)

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