Antiadrenergic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

effect of alpha antagonists on genitourinary system

A
  • relaxation of smooth muscle in prostate

- decreased resistance to flow of urine

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2
Q

what cardiac arrhythmias can be treated with beta blockers

A
  • a flutter and a fib

- ventricular ectopic beats

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3
Q

effects of beta blockers on eye

A

reduce production of aqueous humor –> reduces intraocular pressure

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4
Q

adverse effects of alpha antagonists

A
  • postural hypotension
  • tachycardia
  • retention of fluid and salt
  • impaired ejaculation
  • nasal stuffiness
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5
Q

if pt is having hypoglycemic episodes, instead of a beta blocker what should you switch to

A

beta1-selective

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6
Q

effect of alpha antagonists on cardiovascular system

A
  • decreased peripheral vascular resistance
  • decreased BP
  • postural hypotension
  • reflex tachycardia
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7
Q

adverse effects of beta blockers on the CNS system

- what drug should you switch to?

A
  • sedation
  • sleep disturbances
  • depression

–> switch to more hydrophilic drug

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8
Q

effect of alpha antagonists on eye

A
  • relaxation of pupillary dilator muscle - miosis (constricted pupils)
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9
Q

are beta blockers indicated in acute congestive heart failure

A

no

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10
Q

effects of beta blockers on respiratory system

A

increase airway resistance

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11
Q

what beta blockers are used to treat chronic heart failure

A
  • metoprolol

- carvedilol

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12
Q

effects of beta blockers on blood vessels

A
  • initial rise in PVR

- chronic use –> decrease in PVR (lowers BP in hypertensive pts)

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13
Q

what alpha antagonist would you use to treat BPH

A

tamsulosin
(greater selectivity for alpha1A than alpha1B)
- alpha1A is the most important alpha receptor subtype mediating prostate smooth muscle contraction

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14
Q

what alpha antagonists would you use to treat chronic (essential) hypertension

A
prazosin
doxazosin
(both alpha1 selective)
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15
Q

effects of beta blockers on cardiovascular system

A
  • negative inotropic effect
  • negative chronotropic effect
  • slow AV node conduction
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16
Q

benefits of using beta blockers with ISA

A
  • less risk for bradycardia

- increase in VLDL/HDL

17
Q

describe beta blockers with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA)

A

partial agonists at beta adrenergic receptors that block sympathetic effects BUT have submaximal effects of their own = a bunted sympathetic response

18
Q

effects of beta blockers on metabolism

A
  • inhibit lipolysis
  • increase VLDL and decrease HDL, reducing the HDL cholesterol/LDL cholesterol ratio
  • inhibits glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis in liver
19
Q

what beta blockers are used in long term use post MI

A
  • propranolol

- metoprolol

20
Q

adverse effects of beta blockers on the CV system

A
  • depression of HR, cardiac contractility, and excitability

- exacerbation of peripheral vascular dz

21
Q

what alpha antagonists would you use to treat erectile dysfunction

A

combination of phentolamine and a nonspecific vasodilator papaverine (injected into penis)

22
Q

what beta blockers is used to treat hyperthyroidism

A

propranolol

23
Q

adverse effects of beta blockers on the respiratory system

- what drug should you switch to?

A
  • increase airway resistance
  • trigger bronchospasm and asthma attack

–> switch to beta-1 selective

24
Q

what type of inhibitor is metyrosine

A

a synthesis inhibitor (inhibits synthesis of tyrosine hydroxylase)
- indirect

25
Q

what beta blocker is used to treat glaucoma

A

betaxolol

26
Q

are beta blockers safer for type I or type II DM patients

A

type 2, since they do not usually have hypoglycemic episodes

27
Q

adverse effects of abrupt discontinuation of beta blockers

A
  • enhanced cardiac stimulation and arrhythmias

- increased risk in pts with ischemic heart dz

28
Q

compare phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine in terms of binding to receptor and its effects

A

phentolamine: covalent, short acting
phenoxybenzamine: non-covalent, long acting

29
Q

adverse effects of beta blockers on lipid profile

- what drug should you switch to?

A
  • chronic use increases VLDL and decreases HLD

–> switch to partial agonist drug

30
Q

what is the adverse effect of using prazosin and doxazosin to treat BPH

A

drop in BP

31
Q

which alpha receptor is the most important subtype mediating prostate smooth muscle contraction

A

alpha1A

32
Q

what type of antagonist is phenoxybenzamine

A

non-competitive irreversible alpha antagonist

33
Q

effects of beta blockers on renin-angiotensin system

A

inhibits renin release

34
Q

what alpha antagonists would you use to treat pheochromocytoma

A

phentolamine

phenoxybenzamine

35
Q

what part of the synapse does guanethidine work at

A

pre-synaptic neuron

36
Q

what type of antagonist is phentolamine

A

reversible competitive alpha antagonist

37
Q

how do beta blockers help treat angina pectoris

A
  • decrease cardiac work and reduce O2 consumption

- reduce frequency of anginal episodes and improve exercise tolerance