Blood Vessels

Question 1

simple (capillary) lymphangioma

Answer 1

1-2 cm of exudate filled, slightly elevated, blebs of small lymphatic channels lined with endothelial cells

Question 2

cause of hemorrhoids

Answer 2

dilation of anorectal venous plexus

Question 3

cavernous lymphangioma

Answer 3

occur in the neck or axilla of children, up to 15 cm in diameter producing gross deformities, common in turner syndrome

Question 4

pyogenic granuloma (lobular capillary hemangioma)

Answer 4

rapidly growing, often in oral mucosa, “gingiva of pregnant women”

Question 5

hemangioma

Answer 5

common tumors; increased numbers of normal or abnormal (neoplastic) vessels filled with blood

Question 6

granulomas that coalesce to form nodules that cavitate

Answer 6

granulomatosis with polyangiitis (wegener granulomatosis)

Question 7

HLA-B51 is associated with

Answer 7

Behcet disease

Question 8

glomus tumor (glomangioma)

Answer 8

exquisitely painful, benign, tumors; arise from modified smooth muscle cells of the glomus bodies, common in distal digits (under fingernails)

Question 9

nevus flammeus

Answer 9

“birthmarks”, most common form of vascular ectasia, light pink to deep purple

Question 10

tx for lower risk of coronary event in pts with Kawasaki dz

Answer 10

IVIg and aspirin

Question 11

cause of esophageal varices

Answer 11

liver cirrhosis –> portal HTN –> increased flow of veins to gastroesophageal junction

Question 12

capillary hemangioma

Answer 12

most common hemangioma; thin walled capillaries tightly packed together

Question 13

asymmetrical raynaud’s phenomenon is associated with

Answer 13

thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger dz)

Question 14

cause of lymphedema

Answer 14

lymphatic obstruction and dilation

Question 15

arsenic in pesticides, polyvinyl chloride (plastics), and thorotrast (radiological imaging) are all related to what pathology

Answer 15

hepatic angiosarcoma

Question 16

MPO-ANCA is associated with

Answer 16

microscopic polyangiitis and Churg-Strauss syndrome

Question 17

telangiectasia

Answer 17

permanent dilation of preexisting small vessels that form a discrete red lesion

Question 18

cause of lymphangitis

Answer 18

spread of bacterial infectious into lymphatics

Question 19

PR3-ANCA is associated with

Answer 19

granulomatosis with polyangiitis (wegener granulomatosis)

Question 20

most common bacteria that cause lymphangitis

Answer 20

B-hemolytic strep

Question 21

what dz can be identified using a Warthin-Starry stain

Answer 21

bacillary angiomatosis (Bartonella bacilli are identified this way)

Question 22

bacillary angiomatosis

Answer 22

vascular proliferation due to opportunistic infection of immunocompromised host (in response to Bartonella bacilli)

Question 23

ectasia

Answer 23

any local dilation of a structure

Question 24

old patient who is an alcoholic comes in coughing up blood, what do you suspect

Answer 24

esophageal varices

Question 25

cause of varicose veins

Answer 25

venous valve incompetence

Question 26

segmental, thrombosing, acute and chronic inflammation of small-medium arteries, particularly the tibial and radial aas

Answer 26

thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger dz)

Question 27

what pathology is common under fingernails

Answer 27

glomus tumor (glomangioma)

Question 28

HBsAg complexes are associated with

Answer 28

polyarteritis nodosa (PAN)

Question 29

mucin-producing adenocarcinomas that induce hypercoagulability

Answer 29

migratory thrombophlebitis (Trousseau sign)

Question 30

cavernous hemangioma

Answer 30

irregular, dilated vascular channels making a lesion with an indistinct border; more likely to involve deep tissue, more likely to bleed

Question 31

sx: leg pain induced by exercise but relieved on rest (intermittent claudication), instep foot pain, superficial nodular phlebitis, severe pain, even at rest

Answer 31

thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger dz)

Question 32

granulomas with geographical patterns of central necrosis and accompanying vasculitis

Answer 32

granulomatosis with polyangiitis (wegener granulomatosis)

Question 33

CD31 endothelial marker is associated with

Answer 33

angiosarcoma

Question 34

secondary lymphedema

Answer 34

blockage of previously normal lymphatics

- ex: post radical mastectomy with axillary node dissection