Blood Vessels Flashcards
simple (capillary) lymphangioma
1-2 cm of exudate filled, slightly elevated, blebs of small lymphatic channels lined with endothelial cells
cause of hemorrhoids
dilation of anorectal venous plexus
cavernous lymphangioma
occur in the neck or axilla of children, up to 15 cm in diameter producing gross deformities, common in turner syndrome
pyogenic granuloma (lobular capillary hemangioma)
rapidly growing, often in oral mucosa, “gingiva of pregnant women”
hemangioma
common tumors; increased numbers of normal or abnormal (neoplastic) vessels filled with blood
granulomas that coalesce to form nodules that cavitate
granulomatosis with polyangiitis (wegener granulomatosis)
HLA-B51 is associated with
Behcet disease
glomus tumor (glomangioma)
exquisitely painful, benign, tumors; arise from modified smooth muscle cells of the glomus bodies, common in distal digits (under fingernails)
nevus flammeus
“birthmarks”, most common form of vascular ectasia, light pink to deep purple
tx for lower risk of coronary event in pts with Kawasaki dz
IVIg and aspirin
cause of esophageal varices
liver cirrhosis –> portal HTN –> increased flow of veins to gastroesophageal junction
capillary hemangioma
most common hemangioma; thin walled capillaries tightly packed together
asymmetrical raynaud’s phenomenon is associated with
thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger dz)
cause of lymphedema
lymphatic obstruction and dilation
arsenic in pesticides, polyvinyl chloride (plastics), and thorotrast (radiological imaging) are all related to what pathology
hepatic angiosarcoma
MPO-ANCA is associated with
microscopic polyangiitis and Churg-Strauss syndrome
telangiectasia
permanent dilation of preexisting small vessels that form a discrete red lesion
cause of lymphangitis
spread of bacterial infectious into lymphatics
PR3-ANCA is associated with
granulomatosis with polyangiitis (wegener granulomatosis)
most common bacteria that cause lymphangitis
B-hemolytic strep
what dz can be identified using a Warthin-Starry stain
bacillary angiomatosis (Bartonella bacilli are identified this way)
bacillary angiomatosis
vascular proliferation due to opportunistic infection of immunocompromised host (in response to Bartonella bacilli)
ectasia
any local dilation of a structure
old patient who is an alcoholic comes in coughing up blood, what do you suspect
esophageal varices
cause of varicose veins
venous valve incompetence
segmental, thrombosing, acute and chronic inflammation of small-medium arteries, particularly the tibial and radial aas
thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger dz)
what pathology is common under fingernails
glomus tumor (glomangioma)
HBsAg complexes are associated with
polyarteritis nodosa (PAN)
mucin-producing adenocarcinomas that induce hypercoagulability
migratory thrombophlebitis (Trousseau sign)
cavernous hemangioma
irregular, dilated vascular channels making a lesion with an indistinct border; more likely to involve deep tissue, more likely to bleed
sx: leg pain induced by exercise but relieved on rest (intermittent claudication), instep foot pain, superficial nodular phlebitis, severe pain, even at rest
thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger dz)
granulomas with geographical patterns of central necrosis and accompanying vasculitis
granulomatosis with polyangiitis (wegener granulomatosis)
CD31 endothelial marker is associated with
angiosarcoma
secondary lymphedema
blockage of previously normal lymphatics
- ex: post radical mastectomy with axillary node dissection
