Intro To Neurological System Flashcards
The _____ _____ _____ includes the brain and the spinal cord. The _____ _____ _____ includes 12 pairs of cranial nerves, 31 pairs of spinal nerves and all their branches
Central nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
What is the difference between afferent messages and efferent messages?
The PNS sends sensory (Afferent) messages sent to the CNS from sensory receptors
Efferent messages are from the CNS out to muscles and glands and automatic messages that govern the internal organs and blood vessels
What are meninges?
The meninges ( dura, arachnoid, pia mater) Are the layers of membranes that envelope the CNS
The primary functions of the meninges and
CSF is to protect the CNS
What’s the difference between grey And white matter
Grey matter lacks myelin
The cerebral cortex is divided into two hemispheres and each hemisphere is then further divided into 5 lobes, what are the 5 lobes and their main functions?
Frontal lobe- personality, behaviour, emotions, intellectual functions
Parietal lobe- contains the postcentral gyrus, which is the primary centre for sensation
The occipital lobe- is the primary visual receptor centre
Temporal lobe- has the primary auditory reception centre
Insula- paired, behind frontal,parietal, temporal lobe junction, ANS
______’s area in the temporal lobe is associated with language comprehension. When it is damaged in a persons dominant hemisphere, receptive aphasia results—> the person hears sound but it has no meaning like hearing a foreign language
Wernicke’s area
_______’s area in the frontal lobe mediates motor speech. When it is injured in the dominant hemisphere, expressive aphasia results—> the person can understand language and knows what they want to say but they can only produce a garbled sound
Broca’s area
What is the function of basal ganglia?
The basal ganglia are additional bands of grey matter that is buried deep within the two cerebral hemispheres that help form the subcortical associated motor system.
They control automatic associated movements of the body, such as the arm swing that alternates with leg movement during walking
What is the function of the thalamus?
The thalamus is the main relay station for the nervous system.
Sensory pathways of the spinal cord and brain stem form synapses on their way to the Cerebral cortex
What is the functions of the hypothalamus
The hypothalamus is major control centre with many vital functions: controlling temperature, heart rate , and blood pressure; regulating sleep and the anterior and posterior pituitary gland; and autonomic nervous system activity and emotional status
What two parts of the CNS merge together at the foremen magnum (occipital bone)?
The brain and spinal cord
What are the 3 fuctions of the nervous system?
Sensory, motor, integrative
The PNS contains sensory receptors, and the two types are classified by their location, what do we call these sensory receptors and where are they located?
Somatic sensory division (soma=body)
—> carry’s signals from skeletal muscles and organs of vision, taste, smell, hearing, and balance
Visceral sensory division—> transmit signals from organs like heart, lungs, stomach, intestines, kidneys, and urinary bladder
Sensory functions in the nervous system are preformed by:
A) brainstem
B) afferent division of PNS
C) CNS
D) efferent division of PNS
B) afferent division of PNS
Explained: afferent neurons carry signals inwards, by gathering information from internal and external environments (either somatic or visceral receptors)
Motor functions in the nervous system are preformed by:
A) brainstem
B) afferent division of PNS
C) CNS
D) efferent division of PNS
D) efferent division of PNS
The efferent division of the PNS transmits signals to cause a response, the response can be either voluntary (using somatic neuron’s) Or autonomic (using visceral neurons) which can be from either the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system
