Bones And Bone Tissue Flashcards
Compact bone is composed primarily of subunits called ________ that consist of rings of bone ECM called ________
Spongy bone forms a framework for bone marrow with its branching _________ that are not composed of osteons
Osteons
Lamellae
Trabeculae
Match term to definition
E- long bone
G- Epiphysis
A- Nutrient artery
H-flat bone
C-short bone
B-periosteum
D-diaphysis
F- medullary cavity
What does red bone marrow contain?
What is red bone marrows function?
Red bone marrow contains bone-forming cells hematopoietic cells.
It forms blood cells through a process known as hematopoiesis
Mark the following statements about bone tissue is true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
1) The primary mineral in the inorganic matrix is hydroxyapatite
2) The inorganic matrix of bone is solely responsible for the strength of bone tissue.
3) Collagen fibres are one of the predominant parts of the inorganic matrix.
4) The collagen fibres of bone help it to resist torsion and tension.
5) Osteoblasts are responsible for bone reabsorption and osteoclasts are responsible for bone deposition.
6) Osteocytes are mature and less active osteoblasts that have become surrounded by bone ECM
1) true
2) false, both the organic and inorganic matrices of bone are responsible for the strength of bone tissue
3) false, collagen Fibres are the predominant part of the ORGANIC matrix
4) true
5) false, opposite, osteoclasts= bone reabsorption and osteoblasts= bone deposition
6) true
The subunit of compact bone is the _______, it consists of rings of bone matrix called __________ that surround a structure called the ________, that contains blood vessels and nerves. Other structures called __________ also contain blood vessels and nerves. Osteocytes are housed in __________ and communicate via ___________
The subunit of compact bone is the OSTEONS, it consists of rings of bone matrix called LAMELLAE that surround a structure called the CENTRAL CANAL, that contains blood vessels and nerves. Other structures called PERFORATING CANALS also contain blood vessels and nerves. Osteocytes are housed in LACUNAE and communicate via CANALICULI
Branching “ribs” of bone present in spongy bone are known as?
A) lamellae
B) lacunae
C) trabeculae
D) canaliculi
trabeculae
Which bones forms via intramembranous ossification?
A) irregular bones
B) certain flat bones
C) long bones
D) short bones
E) more then one of the above
certain flat bones
Out of the following statements determine those that are properties of intramembranous ossification, endochrondral ossification, or both
A) The bone is Formed via a hyaline cartilage model.
B)Bone tissue forms from ossification centers.
C) Bone forms from within mesenchyme membrane.
D)The early spongy bone is formed, after which the early compact bone develops.
E)The original primary bone is replaced with secondary bone.
F) A bone colour forms, followed by early spongy bone.
A) endochrondal
B) both
C) intramembranous
D) intramembranous
E) both
D) endochondral
How are bones collars formed in ossification?
What cells aid in its production?
A ring of early compact bone, mainly made up of extra cellular matrix, and located underneath the periosteum, gives rise to the bone collar.
Osteoblasts help produce the bone collar
What are the main differences between intramembranous ossification and endochrondral ossification?
intramembranous ossification
- built on a model that is made of embryonic connective tissue (mesenchyme)
- skull, clavicles, flat bones
- spongy bone forms first
endochrondral ossification
- built on a model that is made of hyaline cartilage
- all the bones below skull and clavicles
- primary bone formed first ( bone collar)
The part of the Epiphysis that does not ossify during a persons lifetime is:
A) articular surface
B) secondary ossification centres
C) diaphyseal notch
D) nutrient foramen
A) articular surface
Which of the following cells produce new bone in the process of appositional growth?
A) osteoblasts
B) osteoclasts
C) osteocytes
D) all of the above
A) osteoblasts
Correctly order the following steps of bone growth in length (1= first step and so on)
_____ calcified cartilage is replaced with bone in the zone of ossification
_____ chondrocytes in the zone of proliferation divide by mitosis
_____ chondrocytes enter the zone of calcification and dies and their matrix calcifies
_____ chondrocytes enlarge and cease dividing
4
1
3
2
Explain the effects that these 3 hormones have on the growth of bone tissue.
A) growth hormone (GH)
B) testosterone
C) estrogen
A) —increases longitudinal growth and appositional growth
B) increases the appositional bone growth
Increases rate of mitosis in epiphyseal plate
Promotes closure of epiphyseal plate
C) increases longitudinal growth and inhibits osteoclasts
Accelerates closure of epiphyseal plate
Fill in the blanks
Bone deposition is carried out by _______, which secrete the _____ of the ECM by exocytosis. They facilitate the formation of the _________ of the ECM by secreting _______ filled with calcium ions, enzymes and ATP. Bone resorption is carried out by ______ , which secrete _______ and ______ from their ruffled border
Osteoblasts Organic matrix Inorganic matrix Vesicles Osteoclasts Hydrogen ions Enzymes
True or false
A) bone resorption is triggered by pressure placed on the bone
B) bone deposition is triggered by tension placed on the bone
C) the greater the load the bone must carry, the more bone that is resorbed by osteoclasts
D) Calcitonin is released in response to an elevated calcium ion concentration in the blood
E) parathyroid hormone increases the blood calcium ion concentration by increasing the activity of osteoblasts
F) vitamin D is required for calcium ion absorption from the intestines and rentention in the kidneys
A) true
B) true
C) false, the greater the load the bone must carry, the less bone that is resorbed by osteoclasts
D) true
E) false, parathyroid hormone increases the blood calcium ion concentration by increasing the activity of osteoclasts
F) true
Bone growth and remodelling depends on adequate intake of:
A) sodium, calcium and vitamin E
B) calcium, vitamin C, vitamin K
C) calcium, magnesium, vitamin B
D) vitamin A, vitamin C, chlorine
B) calcium, vitamin C, vitamin K
Correctly order the following steps of fracture repair, placing a 1 by the first step, a 2 by the second step and so on .
______ osteoblasts in the periosteum lay down a bone callus of primary bone
______ damaged blood vessels bleed and fill the gap between the bone fragments with a hematoma
______ the bone callus is remodelled and replaced with secondary bone
______ fibroblasts, chondroblasts, and blood vessels enter the clot, and the soft callus begins to bridge the gap between bone fragments
3
1
4
2
What are the 5 main types of fractures and brief description of them?
Spiral- longe bones, can be many fragments, displacement of bones
Comminuted- multiple components/ bones break, pins/screws needed
Green stick- common in younger kids, arm breaks but not fully
Compression- most common in vertebrae from falling on feet or butt
Avulsion- breaking of bone at a tendon-bone interface
Epiphyseal (salter-Harris) - growth plate fractures
What ribs are most commonly fractured? Which are least commonly?
Most: 7-10
Least: 11 & 12
How do true, false and floating ribs differ from one another
True -> ribs 1-7, attach directly to sternum
False-> ribs 8-10 attach to costal cartridge of the true ribs
Floating-> ribs 11-12 do not attach to the sternum at all
Mark the following statements as true or false
A) the obturator foramen articulates with the head of the femur at the joint
B) the superior border of the pelvic bone is the Iliac crest
C) the weight of the body in the sitting position is supported by the ischial tuberosity’s
D) the two pubic bones articulate at the acetabulum
E) the pelvic brim is the boundary between the greater and lesser pelvis
A) false, the acetabulum articulates with the head of the femur at the hip joint
B) true
C) true
D) false, the two pubic bones articulate at the pubis symphysis
E) true
