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Anatomy 1080 > CNS > Flashcards

CNS Flashcards

1
Q

This part of the CNS responsible for our higher mental functions, includes learning, memory, personality, cognition, language, and conscience.
It also plays a major role in sensation and movement

A

Cerebrum

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2
Q

The _________ consists of four distinct structural parts and is responsible for processing, integrating, and relaying information to various parts of the brain; maintaining homeostasis of various physiological variables; regulation of movement; biological rhythms

A

Diencephalon

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3
Q

The posterior and inferior portion of the brain & is composed of left and right hemispheres like the cerebrum. This part of the brain functions importantly in the planning and coordination of movement, particularly in complex activities like playing an instrument or sport

A

Cerebellum

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4
Q

The _____ is the oldest part of the brain from an evolutionary standpoint, it connects the brain and spinal cord and functions include control of basic involuntary processes such as rate and depth of breathing, mediating certain reflexes, monitoring movement, and integrating and relaying information to other parts of the brain

A

Brainstem

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5
Q

White matter is made up of myelinated axons while grey matter is made up of neuron cell bodies, _______ , and _________ axons

Where is each located in the brain

A

Grey matter is made up by: neuron cell body’s, Dendrites, and unmyelinated axons

Grey matter is located in the cerebrums outer few millimeters and is also scattered throughout its deeper portions, the remained of the cerebrum is white matter

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6
Q

Each lobe of the cerebrum contains bundles of white matter called ______, that receive input from and send output to the different clusters of cell bodies and dendrites in the cerebral gray matter, called ______. This communication connects the different parts of the brain and the spinal cord

A

Tracts

Nuclei

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7
Q

In which division of the brain might an injury cause changes in personality?

A) cerebrum

B) diencephalon

C) cerebellum

D) brainstem

A

A) cerebrum, damage hear, specifically the frontal lobe could lead to changes in personality

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8
Q

What is the main function of the CNS

A) sensory

B) integrative

C) motor

D) all of the above

A

B) integrative

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9
Q

What is the main function of the PNS

A) sensory

B) integrative

C) motor

D) all of the above

A

A) sensory & C) motor

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10
Q

The ______ & _____ are superficial grooves and ridges that help to increase the surface area of the cerebrum

_____ are deep grooves

A

Sulci (shallow groove) & gyrus/gyri (elevated ridges between sulci)

Fissures are deep grooves

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11
Q

The ______ _____ plays a vital role in inhibiting involuntary movement and initiating voluntary movement

A

Basal nuclei

Inhibits involuntary movement-> globus pallidus

Initiates voluntary movement—> corpus striatum (caudate nucleus + putamen) inhibit the inhibitor (globus pallidus)

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12
Q

What is white matter In the Cerebrum? Sata

A) cerebral cortex

B) association fibres

C) Caudate nucleus

D) commissural fibres

E) projection fibres

F) putamen

G) globus pallidus

A

association fibres
commissural fibres
Projection fibres

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13
Q

What are the names of the paired structures found in the basal nuclei? (SATA)

A) cerebral cortex

B) fornix

C) Caudate nucleus

D) limbic lobe (cingulate gyri & parahippocampal gyrus)

E) hippocampus

F) putamen

G) globus pallidus

H) amygdala

A

The basal nuclei is made up by:

Corpus striatum = F) putamen & C) Caudate nucleus (inhibits the inhibitor)

And the G) globus pallidus (inhibitor)

Basal nuclei works to inhibit involuntary movement and initating voluntary movement

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14
Q

What structures make up the limbic system? (SATA)

A) cerebral cortex

B) fornix

C) Caudate nucleus

D) limbic lobe (cingulate gyri & parahippocampal gyrus)

E) hippocampus

F) putamen

G) globus pallidus

H) amygdala

A

Fornix, hippocampus, amygdala, limbic lobe (2 parts)

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15
Q

What are the four structural parts of the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus (80% of it)

Hypothalamus

Epithalamus

Subthalamus

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16
Q

What is the function & related structure of the thalamus

A

Receive input from many sources, output to cerebral cortex acting as ‘main entrance’

Regulates cortical activity and plays a role in many processes

Third ventricle

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17
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus? What gland does it connect with?

A

Regulation of autonomic nervous system (ANS)-> sleep/wake cycle, thirst, hunger & body temperature

Secretes a variety of hormones

Connects to pituitary gland via Infundibulum

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18
Q

Which component of the diencephalon preforms each of the following functions?

A) Controls body temperature, thirst, and hunger.

B) Integrates emotion, memory, and sensory stimuli and sends them to association areas of the cerebral cortex

C) produces the hormone melatonin.

D) Works with the basal nuclei to monitor and control movement.

E) Controls the ANS and parts of the endocrine system.

F) Determines which stimuli reach the cerebral cortex.

A

A) hypothalamus

B) thalamus

C) Epithalmus-> controls pineal gland which secretes melatonin

D) subthalamus-> connected to basal nuclei to help with control of movement

E) hypothalamus

F) thalamus

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19
Q

While the cerebrum has sulci (grooves) & Gyrus (ridges), the cerebellum has sulci (grooves) & ______ (ridges)

A

Folia

20
Q

The cerebellum connects to the ______ through the _______

A

Brainstem; foreman magnum

21
Q

What is the main function of the cerebellum?

A

Functions with the cerebral cortex, basal nuclei, brainstem, and spinal cord to coordinate outgoing movement and reduce MOTOR ERROR

22
Q

What are the 3 subdivisions of the brainstem?

A

Superior Midbrain, middle pons, inferior medulla oblongata

23
Q

What are the major functions of the brainstem?

A

Control of basic functions (heart rate, breathing rhythm) movement, sensation, alertness, mediation of reflexes

24
Q

Homeostasis of vital functions is largely maintained by the ____ which is controlled by the CNS

A

ANS autonomic nervous system

25
Q

What is the difference between broccas area and wernickes area?

A

Broccas—> in frontal lobe-> production of language

Wernickes—> I’m temporal lobe—> understanding language

26
Q

Explain broccas aphasia and wernickes aphasia

A

Broccas—>. Inability to produce speech

Wernickes—> can form sentences but they don’t make sense and they don’t realize it doesn’t make sense

27
Q

Emotion is made up of what 3 phenomena

A

Visceral motor response (blushing, racing HR (hypothalamus)

Somatic motor responses (smiling, laughing, frowning,crying)

Feelings-> involves amygdala receiving, analyzing and creating associations between different sensory stimuli from various sources

28
Q

What 3 features shield the brain Inside the skull?

A

CSF, Blood brain barrier, Cranial meninges (set of 3 membranes)

29
Q

Explain the structure of the cranial meninges

A

Skull-> Epidural space-> dura mater** -> subdural space-> arachnoid mater -> subarachnoid space-> pia mater

Dura mater-> has two layers-> periosteal dura & meningeal dura

30
Q

The outer _______ ______ is attached to the inner surface of the bones of the cranial cavity; it functions as the periosteum of those bones and has an extensive blood supply that resides in the epidural space

A

Periosteal dura

31
Q

The _______ ____ is the inner, avascular layer that lies superficial to the arachnoid mater

A

Meningeal dura

32
Q

Where is cerebrospinal fluid made? by what?

A

Formed within the ventricles, most by choroid plexuses and some ependymal cells

33
Q

Spinal fluid circulates in which spot

A) epidural space

B) subdural space

C) subarachnoid space

A

C) subarachnoid space

34
Q

What are two main functions of the spinal cord?

A

Relay station between body and brain & processing station for less complex activity’s

35
Q

What’s the big difference between the meninges in the spinal cord and the meninges in brain?

A

The dura mater layer In the spinal cord consists of only one layer not two, it lacks the periosteal layer and only has the meningeal layer.

36
Q

What part(s) of the brain contain the pyramids where the corticospinal tracts decussate

A

Thalamus and medulla oblongata

37
Q

portion of the limbic system involved in emotion

A

Amygdala

38
Q

Regulates homeostasis, the autonomic nervous system, the endocrine system, and the sleep wake cycle

A

Hypothalamus

39
Q

Consists of three lobes and coordinates movement

A

Cerebellum

40
Q

Portion of the limbic system involved in emotion

A

Hippocampus

41
Q

Middle portion of the brain stem; plays a role in movement, sleep and arousal

A

Pons

42
Q

First component of the brainstem; participates in reflexes, sensation and movement

A

Midbrain

43
Q

What structure helps in the reabsorbtion of CSF

A

Choroid plexus

44
Q

What part of the brain is responsible for cognition

A) cerebral cortex

B) thalamus

C) hypothalamus

D) reticular formation

A

A) cerebral cortex

45
Q

Which of the following is not a component of emotion

A) visceral motor response mediated by hypothalamus

B) somatic motor responses mediated by the limbic system and hypothalamus

C) somatic motor responses mediated by the upper motor neurons of the corticospinal tracts

D) subjective feelings mediated by the amygdala and the cerebral cortex

A

C) somatic motor responses mediated by the upper motor neurons of the corticospinal tracts

Anatomy 1080 (20 decks)

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