Clinical Cases Flashcards
Explain a ruptured calcaneal tendon
More common in men.
He just 30/40 years old.
Weekend warriors.
Usually traumatic injury during a sporting event.
May occur with:
—>sudden forced plantarflexion
—>violent Dorsi flexion in a plantar flexed foot
This occurs when the Tissue pressure within a closed muscle compartment exceeds the perfusion pressure and results in muscle and nerve ischemia
Anterior compartment syndrome
Where do you put intramuscular gluteal injections?
A) lower medial quadrant
B) upper medial quadrant
C) upper outer quadrant
D) lower lateral quadrant
C) Upper outer quadrant
Patient comes in with a large “bump” In arm, and presents with slight loss of forearm flexion loss and a big loss of forearm supination
What may it be
Rupture of biceps brachii
The most commonly affected muscle in rotator cuff injuries is the ________ m.
supraspinatus m.
When cutting threw the abdomen for a medial incision your are aiming to cut threw the ____ ____
Linea Alba
On an X-ray you see what appears to be a skull fracture on the forehead of a patient, the radiologist says not to worry it’s not a fracture, what could it be?
Metopic suture
L.metopic -> means ‘out of place’
What’s the difference between a newborn skull and an adult skull
- frontal suture visable in newborns (some adults) (metopic suture)
- newborns have 6 fontanelles
- fetal skulls have no sternocleidomastoid (no protect for facial nerves)
When would we see CSF rhinorrhea
In a patient with a severe head injury
Would have cerebral spinal fluid leaking from nose
The vomer bone and the ________ of the ethmoid bone together make up the nasal cavity
Perpendicular plate
The pterion is commonly known as the _______ and it poses a clinical significance as its a thin bone and the ________ artery runs threw that are
Temple
Middle Meningeal artery
What are the 5 layers of the SCALP
Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis
Loose connective tissue
Pericranium
Missing bones is known as a ______ ______
Radial deficiency
A salter Harris fracture is a fracture of the: ____
Epiphyseal plate
An inflammatory process due to friction associated with repetitive minor trauma is most likely:
Bursitis
What is the difference between osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and gout?
Osteoarthritis
—> most common, degenerative, effects synovial joints
-> presents as pain in joint
Rheumatoid arthritis —> inflammatory/autoimmune -> causes: unknown; genetics; environment triggers -> presents as tired, achy Effects; synovial joints + other organs
Gout
—>inflammatory reaction
Causes; hyperuricemia
Joints affected->lower limb
Explain a: subluxation of the radial head
Happens in kids
Head + neck of radius not fully formed, radial head subluxates from anular ligament
Lump caused by displaced head of radius
Tommy John surgery is the reconstruction of the __________ (UCL)
Ulnar collateral ligament
The 3 ligaments effected by the ‘unhappy triad’; a popular sports injury, are called the ________
-acl
Mcl tear/ sprain
Medial meniscal tear
The meniscus is found in the knee but the equivalent is found in the shoulder, within the gelnohumeral joint, what is it called?
Glenoid labrum
A shoulder dislocation is refereed to as _________ dislocation.
Glenohumeral dislocation
What joint is affected in an AC separation?
Acromioclaviculr joint
The coracoclavicular ligament is made up by the _______ ligament & the _________ ligament
Trapezoid
Conoid
What is adhesive capsulitis?
Frozen shoulder
Adhesive fibrosis qnd scarring involving usually the
- joint capsule
- deltoid
- rotator cuff
- subacromial fossa
Spongy/cancellous bone when inside of FLAT bones is sometimes called _____
Dipolė
Red bone marrow is mainly made up of ________ while yellow bone marrow is made up up of _________ , blood vessels and Adipocytes
Hematopoietic tissue
Triglycerides
What are the four steps of bone repair?
Hematoma fills gap between bones
Chrondroblasts + fibroblasts Infiltrate hematoma, soft callus forms
Osteoblasts build a bone callus
Bone callus is remodeled and primary bone is replaced with secondary bone
What does yellow skin, blue/grey skin, and red skin normally lead too
Jaundice
Cyanosis
Fever
The weakest part of the skin and the common blister spot is at ______ - ______ junction
Epidermal-dermal junction
