Clinical Cases

Question 1

Explain a ruptured calcaneal tendon

Answer 1

More common in men.

He just 30/40 years old.

Weekend warriors.

Usually traumatic injury during a sporting event.

May occur with:

—>sudden forced plantarflexion
—>violent Dorsi flexion in a plantar flexed foot

Question 2

This occurs when the Tissue pressure within a closed muscle compartment exceeds the perfusion pressure and results in muscle and nerve ischemia

Answer 2

Anterior compartment syndrome

Question 3

Where do you put intramuscular gluteal injections?

A) lower medial quadrant

B) upper medial quadrant

C) upper outer quadrant

D) lower lateral quadrant

Answer 3

C) Upper outer quadrant

Question 4

Patient comes in with a large “bump” In arm, and presents with slight loss of forearm flexion loss and a big loss of forearm supination

What may it be

Answer 4

Rupture of biceps brachii

Question 5

The most commonly affected muscle in rotator cuff injuries is the ________ m.

Answer 5

supraspinatus m.

Question 6

When cutting threw the abdomen for a medial incision your are aiming to cut threw the ____ ____

Answer 6

Linea Alba

Question 7

On an X-ray you see what appears to be a skull fracture on the forehead of a patient, the radiologist says not to worry it’s not a fracture, what could it be?

Answer 7

Metopic suture

L.metopic -> means ‘out of place’

Question 8

What’s the difference between a newborn skull and an adult skull

Answer 8

• frontal suture visable in newborns (some adults) (metopic suture)
• newborns have 6 fontanelles
• fetal skulls have no sternocleidomastoid (no protect for facial nerves)

Question 9

When would we see CSF rhinorrhea

Answer 9

In a patient with a severe head injury

Would have cerebral spinal fluid leaking from nose

Question 10

The vomer bone and the ________ of the ethmoid bone together make up the nasal cavity

Answer 10

Perpendicular plate

Question 11

The pterion is commonly known as the _______ and it poses a clinical significance as its a thin bone and the ________ artery runs threw that are

Answer 11

Temple

Middle Meningeal artery

Question 12

What are the 5 layers of the SCALP

Answer 12

Skin

Connective tissue

Aponeurosis

Loose connective tissue

Pericranium

Question 13

Missing bones is known as a ______ ______

Answer 13

Radial deficiency

Question 14

A salter Harris fracture is a fracture of the: ____

Answer 14

Epiphyseal plate

Question 15

An inflammatory process due to friction associated with repetitive minor trauma is most likely:

Answer 15

Bursitis

Question 16

What is the difference between osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and gout?

Answer 16

Osteoarthritis
—> most common, degenerative, effects synovial joints
-> presents as pain in joint

Rheumatoid arthritis 
—> inflammatory/autoimmune 
->  causes: unknown; genetics; environment triggers 
-> presents as tired, achy 
Effects; synovial joints + other organs 

Gout
—>inflammatory reaction

Causes; hyperuricemia

Joints affected->lower limb

Question 17

Explain a: subluxation of the radial head

Answer 17

Happens in kids

Head + neck of radius not fully formed, radial head subluxates from anular ligament

Lump caused by displaced head of radius

Question 18

Tommy John surgery is the reconstruction of the __________ (UCL)

Answer 18

Ulnar collateral ligament

Question 19

The 3 ligaments effected by the ‘unhappy triad’; a popular sports injury, are called the ________

Answer 19

-acl

Mcl tear/ sprain

Medial meniscal tear

Question 20

The meniscus is found in the knee but the equivalent is found in the shoulder, within the gelnohumeral joint, what is it called?

Answer 20

Glenoid labrum

Question 21

A shoulder dislocation is refereed to as _________ dislocation.

Answer 21

Glenohumeral dislocation

Question 22

What joint is affected in an AC separation?

Answer 22

Acromioclaviculr joint

Question 23

The coracoclavicular ligament is made up by the _______ ligament & the _________ ligament

Answer 23

Trapezoid

Conoid

Question 24

What is adhesive capsulitis?

Answer 24

Frozen shoulder

Adhesive fibrosis qnd scarring involving usually the

• joint capsule
• deltoid
• rotator cuff
• subacromial fossa

Question 25

Spongy/cancellous bone when inside of FLAT bones is sometimes called _____

Answer 25

Dipolė

Question 26

Red bone marrow is mainly made up of ________ while yellow bone marrow is made up up of _________ , blood vessels and Adipocytes

Answer 26

Hematopoietic tissue

Triglycerides

Question 27

What are the four steps of bone repair?

Answer 27

Hematoma fills gap between bones

Chrondroblasts + fibroblasts Infiltrate hematoma, soft callus forms

Osteoblasts build a bone callus

Bone callus is remodeled and primary bone is replaced with secondary bone

Question 28

What does yellow skin, blue/grey skin, and red skin normally lead too

Answer 28

Jaundice
Cyanosis
Fever

Question 29

The weakest part of the skin and the common blister spot is at ______ - ______ junction

Answer 29

Epidermal-dermal junction