Intro to Learning (9)

Question 1

What is extinction therapy?

Answer 1

repeatedly exposing the patient to the CS

Question 2

What is extinction therapy used for?

Answer 2

Overcoming fear responses

Question 3

What is counter conditioning?

Answer 3

Response to a stimulus is eliminated by replacing it with a new conditioned response that isn’t compatible with the first

Question 4

What is reciprocal inhibition?

Answer 4

one response inhibits the other as certain responses cannot occur at the same time

Question 5

How does systematic desensitization work?

Answer 5

simultaneously present anxiety provoking stimuli and a stimuli evoking response opposite to anxiety

Question 6

What is systematic desensitization?

Answer 6

Pair relaxation response with increasing levels of the fear response

Question 7

In systematic desensitization what is an ‘anxiety hierarchy’?

Answer 7

list of least fearful version of stimuli to the most fearful stimuli

Question 8

What is the end result of systematic desensitization?

Answer 8

overtime pleasure is associated with the original fear stimuli

Question 9

When is systematic desensitization effective?

Answer 9

for very specific fears e.g. dogs

Question 10

When is systematic desensitization ineffective?

Answer 10

1. fears that have multiple different aspects

2. fears that cannot be recreated

Question 11

How does avoidance affect extinction therapy?

Answer 11

prolongs therapy as response cannot reach extinction

Question 12

What is ‘flooding’?

Answer 12

prolonged exposure to maximum fear level of the stimulus.

Question 13

How does flooding work?

Answer 13

fear cannot last forever, eventually habituation occurs and fear response stops

Question 14

Biology behind why fear response stops in flooding?

Answer 14

Hebbian learning, fear response neurons eventually decrease in activity.

Question 15

Weakness’ of flooding?

Answer 15

1. Evoking fear to 100% can be unpredictable
2. If fear is due to psychiatric illness, could worsen the fear
3. Duration has to be for 30 - 45 mins, otherwise it aggravates the fear response

Question 16

What is Ost (1989) alternate to flooding?

Answer 16

Small bursts of gradual flooding, mix of gradual exposure and 100% exposure

Question 17

What is aversion therapy?

Answer 17

Replace a conditioned response with another aversive response.

Question 18

How does aversion therapy work?

Answer 18

1. pleasant stimulus is paired with an unpleasant event, encouraging negative associations
2. Eventually disgust/fear response occurs to once pleasant stimulus

Question 19

Example of aversion therapy?

Answer 19

antabuse - alcohol abuse

Question 20

Weakness of aversion therapy?

Answer 20

After drug stops, extinction may occur quickly and relapse occurs

Question 21

What is behavior matching theory?

Answer 21

response will match to the ratio of the reinforcement

Question 22

In behavior matching theory, why is the response on a ratio?

Answer 22

to maximize the reward, however it can be over or under matched or biased

Question 23

What is melioration?

Answer 23

effort is always located at the largest reward value.

Question 24

What is the drawback of melioration?

Answer 24

the largest reward may not be the most optimal