Intro to Learning (1) Flashcards
What is learning?
permanent change in behavior due to experience
What was Descartes’ view on knowledge?
it has a rational basis
What was Descartes’ view on the state of the mind?
it has free will
What are the 3 types of associative learning?
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Observational learning
What is classical conditioning?
Where innate behaviors are produced in new situations
What is operant conditioning?
Strengthening or weakening of a behavior based on reward and punishment.
What is observational learning?
Vicarious conditioning, learning behaviors off of other based on the consequences you see.
What was Aristotle’s 4 laws of association?
law of similarity
law of contrast
law of contiguity
law of frequency
What is Aristotle’s law of similarity?
2 stimuli are similar to each other they are readily associated
What is Aristotle’s law of contrast?
2 stimuli are opposites of each other they are readily stimulated
What is Aristotle’s law of contiguity?
2 stimuli are close to each other in time or space they are readily associated
What is Aristotle’s law of frequency?
2 stimuli frequently occur together they are readily associated
According to John Locke how is all knowledge acquired?
as a function of sensory experience
According to John Locke when we are all born what state are we in?
Tabula Rasa
What is ‘Tabula Rasa’?
clean state, absence of preconceived ideas
According to David Hume, how do we acquire knowledge?
analytical reasoning from experience
What is the idea of extreme skepticism?
continuity is irrational, no reason for things to remain as they are.
According to Immanuel Kant, what inborn ability do we possess?
to make sense of the world around us
What is a strength of empiricism?
gives detailed information
What is a weakness of empiricism?
provides no means of categorizing information
