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Intro to Learning > Intro to Learning (7) > Flashcards

Intro to Learning (7) Flashcards

1
Q

What is negative reinforcement?

A

removal of aversive stimulus after a response

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2
Q

What is an escape behavior?

A

behavior that puts an end to experiencing an aversive stimulus

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3
Q

What is avoidance behavior?

A

behavior that prevents aversive stimuli

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4
Q

What is the one process theory?

A

avoidance responses occur based on the fear of shock

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5
Q

How are avoidance responses reinforced?

A

by a lack of aversive experiences

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6
Q

What is the 2 process theory of avoidance (Mowrer 1947)?

A

Classical conditioning results in a fear response to a CS

Operant conditioning, negative reinforcement maintains a fear response

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7
Q

How does the 2 process theory of avoidance work?

A
  1. after initial classical conditioning, operant conditioning maintains phobia
  2. As aversive stimulus is always avoided, little chance for habituation to occur
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8
Q

What is OCD?

A

persistent thoughts/impulse = obsessions

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9
Q

Symptoms of OCD?

A

repetitive behaviors carried out

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10
Q

Potential causes for OCD?

A

Conditioning could be the cause.

Billet et al. - genetic predisposition

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11
Q

How can conditioning maintain OCD?

A
  1. obsessions increase anxiety

2. Compulsive behaviors provide negative reinforcement

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12
Q

How can the 2 process theory of avoidance be used to treat OCD (3 steps)?

A
  1. expose person to aversive stimuli
  2. prevent compulsive behavior
  3. Overtime habituate to aversive stimuli
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13
Q

What is dissociative identity disorder?

A

Multiple personalities occur as different patterns of behavior are each reinforced differently

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14
Q

What other name does dissociative identity disorder have?

A

Multiple Personality Disorder

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15
Q

How does dissociative identity disorder develop?

A

as a result of exposure to chronic traumatic events

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16
Q

Why does dissociative identity disorder develop?

A

covert avoidance response to cope with abuse, negatively reinforces behavior by reducing anxiety.

17
Q

How does dissociative identity disorder deal with distress?

A

compartmentalises it into separate personalities and experiences.

18
Q

What is the socio cognitive theory of Dissociative Identity Disorder?

A

suggestive influence, demand characteristics from others can suggest to patient how to behave

19
Q

Kirsch et al had a group who was susceptible to hypnotism and a control group, what did he find in his experiment?

A

the experimental group was hypnotized when the experimenter was present and absent where as the control group was only hypnotized when the experimenter was present.

20
Q

What is positive punishment?

A

application of an aversive stimulus

21
Q

What is negative punishment?

A

removal of an appetitive stimulus

22
Q

Factors that affect punishment?

A

Delay
Intensity
Schedule
Stimulus Control

23
Q

How does Delay affect punishment?

A

at the same time or immediately after the behavior makes it effective.

24
Q

How does Intensity affect punishment?

A

More intense = more effective

25
Q

How does Schedule affect punishment?

A

continuous and consistent punishment is more effective.

26
Q

How does Stimulus Control affect punishment?

A

if the stimulus can apply to all areas of life = more effective

27
Q

3 weaknesses of using punishment?

A
  1. organism may develop fear and avoidance
  2. punisher may become a discriminating stimulus, rendering the punishment useless
  3. Does not affect appropriate behavior
28
Q

Seligman (1967) had a group of dogs already conditioned to shocks in a shuttle box and a new group in the same box and found?

A

Old group did not try to escape where as new group did, shows that previous punishment meant the escape behavior in the old dogs had ceased

29
Q

3 benefits of punishment?

A
  1. Increases social behavior
  2. Improves mood
  3. Increase attention
30
Q

How can punishment increase social behavior?

A

can elicit affectionate behavior

31
Q

How can punishment improve mood?

A

Distracts them from previous source of bad behavior

32
Q

How can punishment increase attention?

A

vigilance occurs, fear of punishment

Intro to Learning (10 decks)

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