Intro to haem Flashcards
types of blood cells
red cells
white cells
plateletes
roles of blood cells
transporting gases
fighting infection
prevent bleeding
how are blood cells produced
In bone marrow by haematopoiesis
what are haematopoietic stem cells
precurosor cells where all the different blood cells are derived from
site of haematopoiesis
embryo- initially in yolk salc , then the liver then marrow
birth- mostly marrow but liver and spleen when needed
what happens to active marrow sites as we grow
they decr4ease but retain the ability
confined to axial skeleton eventually
what has to happen to turn a stem cell into BC
proliferation and differentiation into specialist cell
erythropoiesis
process of creating red blood cells in bone marrow
thrombopoiesis
platelet formation
white cells in blood
granulocytes
monocytes
lymphocytes
what colour do eosinophils statin
take up eosin which is red and acidic
basophil stain
take up basic- alkali dytes which are blue
neutrophil stain
neutral mix
function of neutrophils
Phagocytosis
Granule release to break down tissues (elastases), and attract other cells via small molecules released
Short lived cells not capable of further division
Numbers are increased with ‘body stress’ eg bacterial infection, trauma, infarction
are neutrophils bi lobed or multi
multi lobed
structure of eosinophils
bilobed nucleus
stuffed with bright orange red granules
function of eosinophils
Numbers are increased with parasitic infections
Involved in hypersensitivity (allergic) reactions
So often elevated in patients with allergic conditions eg asthma, atopic rhinitis
True function may be less apparent - involved in immune regulation
what do the granules of basophils contain
histamine and heparin like molecules
function of basophils
Mediates hypersensitivity reactions IgE mediated histamine release
circulating tissue version of tissue mast cell
structure of monocytes
large single nucleus
scant faintly staining granules, cytoplasm light blue and often vacuolated
function of monocytes
eats things
specalise into macrophages
function of lymphocytes
brains of oimmune system
immunophenotyping
● Different monoclonal antibodies stick to different proteins
● Each antibody has a different flurochrome (coloured tail)
● Detecting what colours are on a cell can tell you what proteins are on that cell
● Cells of different lineages express different proteins
● Stem cells express different proteins to mature cells
tools to look at bone marrow
marrow biopsy
tools to look at peripheral blood
fbc and blood film
