Bleeding disorders

Question 1

vascular abnormalities

Answer 1

hereditary issues with collagen deficiency

acquired; vasculitis e.g henoch schonlein purpura

Question 2

what might cause collagen reduction

Answer 2

steroids, calcium

Question 3

thrombocytopenia

Answer 3

leaking out from the vessels due to low platelets

Question 4

causes of thrombocytopenia

Answer 4

hereditary

Question 5

commonest causes of increased platelet destruction

Answer 5

autoimune
immune thrombocytopenic purpura

coagulopathy; disseminated intravascular coagulation

hypersplenism

Question 6

what is disseminated intravascular coagulation

Answer 6

increased blod clots in blood so causes decreased platlets as body tries to break down the clots and this process degrades platelets in the process

Question 7

how does an enlarged spleen cause thrombpcytopenia

Answer 7

as the spleen traps more platelets

Question 8

platelet functional defects

Answer 8

hereditary

acquired ; renal failure, drugs - aspirin, nsaids

Question 9

vWF deficiency causes

Answer 9

acquired

hereditary ; autosomal dominant , common, variable severity

Question 10

what is the commonest cause of primary haemostatic failure

Answer 10

thrombocytopenia

Question 11

failure of fibrin clot formation causes

Answer 11

multiple clotting fcators deficiency; generally acquired- disseminated intravascular coagulation

single clotting factor deficiency - generally hereditary- haemophilia

Question 12

multiple factor deficiencies

Answer 12

liver failure

vitamin k deficiency/ warfarin therapy

complex coagulopathy - disseminated intravascular coagulation

Question 13

what causes a prolonged pt and aptt

Answer 13

multiple clotting fcators deficiencies

Question 14

where are all coagulation fcators synthesised

Answer 14

in hepatocytes

Question 15

what fcators does vitamin k carboxylate

Answer 15

factors II, VII, IX & X

Question 16

where is vit k sourced

Answer 16

diet - leafy green veg
also made by bacteria in the gut

Question 17

where is vit k absorbed

Answer 17

upper intestine

Question 18

what does vit k require for absorption

Answer 18

bile salts

Question 19

causes of vit k def

Answer 19

Poor dietary intake

Malabsorption

Obstructive jaundice

Vitamin K antagonists (warfarin)

Haemorrhagic disease of the newborn

Question 20

example of vit k antagonist

Answer 20

warfarin

Question 21

what are all babies given at birth and why

Answer 21

vit k injcetion as liver immature so not making much clotting factors and isnt made in breast milk

Question 22

single factor deficiencies

Answer 22

haemophilia a and b
isolated prolonged APTT