Antiphospholipid syndrome

Question 1

what is antiphospholipid syndrome

Answer 1

Autoimmune disorder that manifests clinically as recurrent venous or arterial thrombosis and/or fetal loss

Question 2

which gender is it more common in

Answer 2

females

Question 3

what is shwon i blood tests for anti phospholipid syndrome

Answer 3

thrombocytopenia
prolongation of aptt

lupus anticoagulatn , anti cardiolipin antibodies and anti beta 2 glycoprotein may be positive

Question 4

management of anti phospholipid syndrome

Answer 4

anticoagulation for those with an episode of thrombosis - acute LMWH then warfarin or aspirin prophylaxis

LMWH and aspirin used during pregnancy for patients with recurrent pregnancy loss

Question 5

do patients who have positive antibodies but have never had an episode of thrombosis require anti coag

Answer 5

no

Question 6

wha medication is used during pregnancy for patients who experience recurrent loss

Answer 6

LMWH and aspirin

Question 7

venous clinical presentation

Answer 7

• DVT/PE
  
  • Recurrent pulmonary emboli or thrombosis can lead to life-threatening pulmonary hypertension

Livedo reticularis - blood clots in capillaries lead to swelling of venules, resulting in a purplish, net-like discoloration of the skin

Question 8

arterial clincial presentation

Answer 8

• May contribute to an increased frequency of stroke or MI, especially in younger individuals

Strokes may develop secondary to in situ thrombosis or embolization that originates from the valvular lesions of Libman-Sacks (sterile) endocarditis, which may be seen in patients with APS

Question 9

pathophysiology of anti phospholiid syndrome

Answer 9

antibodies target phospholipid-binding proteins, particularly beta-2 glycoprotein I (β2GPI), which is a protein that normally helps to stabilize cell membranes and regulate blood clotting