Concepts in malignant haematology Flashcards
what is malignant haemopoiesis characterised by
increased numbers of abnormal and dysfunctional cells
loss of normal activity
what is haematological malignancies due to
one or more of the following
- increased proliferation in the absence of a stimulus
lack of differentiation/ maturation
lack of apoptosis
what causes haematological malignancies
Genetic, epigenetic, environmental interaction
ACQUIRED somatic mutations in regulatory genes
Contribution from recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities
clone
population of cells deruved from a single parent cell
what is normal haemopoiesis
polyclonal
what is malignant haemopoiesis considered
monocloncal
what is a driver mjutation
genetic alteration that provides a growth advantage to a cell, contributing to the initiation and progression of cancer
reasons for different haematological malignancy sub types
Cells at different developmental stages can undergo neoplastic transformation
Involvement of different anatomical regions unique to the cell-type, either at the point of origin, or after migration
Different clinicopathological characteristics (clinical and biological behaviour)
what cancers are more aggressive
acute leukemias and high grade lymphomas than chronic and low grade
features of histological aggression
large cells with high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, prominent nucleoli, rapid proliferation
features of clinical aggression
rapid progression of symptoms
what do acute leukamias present with
failure of normal blood cell production
what does chronci lymphocytic leukamia frequently involve
blood and lymph nodes
leukamic phase of lymphoma
malignant cells from the lymph node enter circulation and infiltrate the bone marrow
