Intro to Anat and Phys Vocab

Question 1

Human Anatomy

Answer 1

Study of the structure of the human body

Question 2

Human Physiology

Answer 2

Study of body’s functions

Question 3

Cell

Answer 3

• The basic unit of life
• smallest unit that can carry out functions of life

Question 4

metabolism

Answer 4

• living organisms carrying out chemical reactions
• either build up or break down substances

Question 5

anabolism

Answer 5

• combining smaller molecules to make large molecules or atoms
• build up

Question 6

catabolism

Answer 6

• breaking down larger molecules into smaller ones
• breaking down

Question 7

excretion

Answer 7

• elimination of potentially harmful waste products
• peeing, breathing out, sweating, etc.

Question 8

responsiveness

Answer 8

• sensing or reacting to stimuli

Question 9

irritability

Answer 9

• sensing or reacting to stimuli

Question 10

molecules

Answer 10

• a group of atoms bonded together
• the smallest unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction

Question 11

tissue

Answer 11

a large group of cells together

Question 12

organ

Answer 12

a large group of tissues together

Question 13

organ system

Answer 13

a large group of organs together

Question 14

organisms

Answer 14

when organ systems come together

Question 15

systemic anatomy

Answer 15

examines human body by individual organ systems

Question 16

regional anatomy

Answer 16

divides body into regions of study (head and neck)

Question 17

surface anatomy

Answer 17

studies surface markings of the body

Question 18

gross anatomy

Answer 18

examines structures that can be seen without a microscope

Question 19

microscopic anatomy

Answer 19

study of structures that can only be seen with a microscope (histology and cytology)

Question 20

histology

Answer 20

the study of tissues

Question 21

cytology

Answer 21

the study of cells

Question 22

homeostasis

Answer 22

the internal balance of the body

Question 23

receptor

Answer 23

specialized cellular structure that detects imbalances in the body

Question 24

control center

Answer 24

• usually cells of nervous or endocrine system
• the stimulus is sent here and the control center signals other cell or organs to cause responses that return the body to a homeostatic balance

Question 25

effector

Answer 25

cells or organs that can cause responses in order to return the body to a homeostatic balance

Question 26

negative feedback loop

Answer 26

• opposes a change in a homeostatic imbalance
• ex. if it hots then the body makes you cold

Question 27

positive feedback loop

Answer 27

• less common that negative
• increases or enforces initial change
• ex. snowballing

Question 28

gradient

Answer 28

present anytime there is more of something in a shared space