Chapter 9 objectives

Question 1

list the different types of connective tissue, from superficial to deep

Answer 1

fascia, epimysium, perimysium, endomysium

Question 2

define the fascia

Answer 2

most superficial, is directly on top of the epimysium

Question 3

define the epimysium

Answer 3

the layer that wraps around groups of fascicles; creates a muscle

Question 4

define the perimysium

Answer 4

the layer that wraps around a group of muscle cells; creates a fascicle

Question 5

describe endomysium

Answer 5

wraps around each individual muscle cell/fiber

Question 6

what is a fascicle

Answer 6

a group of muscle cell fibers

Question 7

what are the 6 basic shapes of skeletal muscles

Answer 7

parallel, convergent, pennate, unipennate, bipennate, multipennate, sphincters, spiral, and fusiform

Question 8

describe a parallel muscle

Answer 8

= ; muscle and tendons are the same width

Question 9

describe a convergent muscle

Answer 9

a triangular shaped muscle that tapers down into a single tendon

Question 10

describe a pennate muscle

Answer 10

muscle attaches to tendon at an angle; feather

Question 11

describe a unipennate muscle

Answer 11

looks like half a feather

Question 12

describe a bipennate muscle

Answer 12

a full feather

Question 13

describe a multipennate muscle

Answer 13

multiple feathers

Question 14

describe a sphincter muscle

Answer 14

circle muscles; surround body openings

Question 15

describe a spiral muscle

Answer 15

a muscle that wraps around a bone

Question 16

describe a fusiform muscle

Answer 16

the midsection is thicker than the tapered tendons

Question 17

what are the 7 criteria used to name a muscle

Answer 17

size, location, action, body region, fiber orientation, heads, and shape

Question 18

what’s an example of a name for size

Answer 18

brevis - short
longus - long

Question 19

whats an example of a name for location

Answer 19

anterior - towards the front
external - towards the outside

Question 20

what an example of a name for action

Answer 20

abductor - pulls away from the midline
adductor - pulls towards the midline

Question 21

whats an example of a name for region

Answer 21

abdominis - abdominal area
brachi - arm area

Question 22

whats an example of a name for orientation

Answer 22

oblique - at an angle
orbicular - circular

Question 23

whats an example of a name for heads

Answer 23

biceps - two heads
quadriceps - four heads

Question 24

whats an example of a name for shape

Answer 24

deltoid - triangular
maximus - largest

Question 25

what are 6 functions of muscle other than movement

Answer 25

• they generate heat
• contraction of the diaphragm so we can breathe
• to show facial expression
• muscles in throat to swallow
• sphincters to open and close mouth
• the heart pumping blood

Question 26

what are the 4 functional groups of skeletal muscles

Answer 26

agonist, antagonist, synergists, and fixators

Question 27

what is an agonist muscle

Answer 27

the prime movers; provide most force

Question 28

what is an antagonist muscle

Answer 28

the opposite of an agonist; usually on opposite side of bone to help with control of agonist

Question 29

what is a synergist muscle

Answer 29

aids the agonist muscle; supports joints; minimizes unwanted movement

Question 30

what is a fixator muscle

Answer 30

provides stabilizing force that anchors a bone

Question 31

whats an example of an agonist muscle

Answer 31

brachialis

Question 32

whats an example of an antagonist muscle

Answer 32

triceps brachii

Question 33

whats an example of a synergist muscle

Answer 33

biceps brachii

Question 34

whats an example of a fixator muscle

Answer 34

supraspinatus

Question 35

whats the relationship between the origin and the insertion?

Answer 35

the origin in the attachment point and the insertion is attached to the bone that is being moved