Chapter 9 objectives Flashcards
list the different types of connective tissue, from superficial to deep
fascia, epimysium, perimysium, endomysium
define the fascia
most superficial, is directly on top of the epimysium
define the epimysium
the layer that wraps around groups of fascicles; creates a muscle
define the perimysium
the layer that wraps around a group of muscle cells; creates a fascicle
describe endomysium
wraps around each individual muscle cell/fiber
what is a fascicle
a group of muscle cell fibers
what are the 6 basic shapes of skeletal muscles
parallel, convergent, pennate, unipennate, bipennate, multipennate, sphincters, spiral, and fusiform
describe a parallel muscle
= ; muscle and tendons are the same width
describe a convergent muscle
a triangular shaped muscle that tapers down into a single tendon
describe a pennate muscle
muscle attaches to tendon at an angle; feather
describe a unipennate muscle
looks like half a feather
describe a bipennate muscle
a full feather
describe a multipennate muscle
multiple feathers
describe a sphincter muscle
circle muscles; surround body openings
describe a spiral muscle
a muscle that wraps around a bone
describe a fusiform muscle
the midsection is thicker than the tapered tendons
what are the 7 criteria used to name a muscle
size, location, action, body region, fiber orientation, heads, and shape
what’s an example of a name for size
brevis - short
longus - long
whats an example of a name for location
anterior - towards the front
external - towards the outside
what an example of a name for action
abductor - pulls away from the midline
adductor - pulls towards the midline
whats an example of a name for region
abdominis - abdominal area
brachi - arm area
whats an example of a name for orientation
oblique - at an angle
orbicular - circular
whats an example of a name for heads
biceps - two heads
quadriceps - four heads
whats an example of a name for shape
deltoid - triangular
maximus - largest
what are 6 functions of muscle other than movement
- they generate heat
- contraction of the diaphragm so we can breathe
- to show facial expression
- muscles in throat to swallow
- sphincters to open and close mouth
- the heart pumping blood
what are the 4 functional groups of skeletal muscles
agonist, antagonist, synergists, and fixators
what is an agonist muscle
the prime movers; provide most force
what is an antagonist muscle
the opposite of an agonist; usually on opposite side of bone to help with control of agonist
what is a synergist muscle
aids the agonist muscle; supports joints; minimizes unwanted movement
what is a fixator muscle
provides stabilizing force that anchors a bone
whats an example of an agonist muscle
brachialis
whats an example of an antagonist muscle
triceps brachii
whats an example of a synergist muscle
biceps brachii
whats an example of a fixator muscle
supraspinatus
whats the relationship between the origin and the insertion?
the origin in the attachment point and the insertion is attached to the bone that is being moved
