Chapter 9 objectives Flashcards

(35 cards)

1
Q

list the different types of connective tissue, from superficial to deep

A

fascia, epimysium, perimysium, endomysium

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2
Q

define the fascia

A

most superficial, is directly on top of the epimysium

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3
Q

define the epimysium

A

the layer that wraps around groups of fascicles; creates a muscle

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4
Q

define the perimysium

A

the layer that wraps around a group of muscle cells; creates a fascicle

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5
Q

describe endomysium

A

wraps around each individual muscle cell/fiber

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6
Q

what is a fascicle

A

a group of muscle cell fibers

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7
Q

what are the 6 basic shapes of skeletal muscles

A

parallel, convergent, pennate, unipennate, bipennate, multipennate, sphincters, spiral, and fusiform

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8
Q

describe a parallel muscle

A

= ; muscle and tendons are the same width

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9
Q

describe a convergent muscle

A

a triangular shaped muscle that tapers down into a single tendon

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10
Q

describe a pennate muscle

A

muscle attaches to tendon at an angle; feather

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11
Q

describe a unipennate muscle

A

looks like half a feather

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12
Q

describe a bipennate muscle

A

a full feather

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13
Q

describe a multipennate muscle

A

multiple feathers

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14
Q

describe a sphincter muscle

A

circle muscles; surround body openings

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15
Q

describe a spiral muscle

A

a muscle that wraps around a bone

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16
Q

describe a fusiform muscle

A

the midsection is thicker than the tapered tendons

17
Q

what are the 7 criteria used to name a muscle

A

size, location, action, body region, fiber orientation, heads, and shape

18
Q

what’s an example of a name for size

A

brevis - short
longus - long

19
Q

whats an example of a name for location

A

anterior - towards the front
external - towards the outside

20
Q

what an example of a name for action

A

abductor - pulls away from the midline
adductor - pulls towards the midline

21
Q

whats an example of a name for region

A

abdominis - abdominal area
brachi - arm area

22
Q

whats an example of a name for orientation

A

oblique - at an angle
orbicular - circular

23
Q

whats an example of a name for heads

A

biceps - two heads
quadriceps - four heads

24
Q

whats an example of a name for shape

A

deltoid - triangular
maximus - largest

25
what are 6 functions of muscle other than movement
- they generate heat - contraction of the diaphragm so we can breathe - to show facial expression - muscles in throat to swallow - sphincters to open and close mouth - the heart pumping blood
26
what are the 4 functional groups of skeletal muscles
agonist, antagonist, synergists, and fixators
27
what is an agonist muscle
the prime movers; provide most force
28
what is an antagonist muscle
the opposite of an agonist; usually on opposite side of bone to help with control of agonist
29
what is a synergist muscle
aids the agonist muscle; supports joints; minimizes unwanted movement
30
what is a fixator muscle
provides stabilizing force that anchors a bone
31
whats an example of an agonist muscle
brachialis
32
whats an example of an antagonist muscle
triceps brachii
33
whats an example of a synergist muscle
biceps brachii
34
whats an example of a fixator muscle
supraspinatus
35
whats the relationship between the origin and the insertion?
the origin in the attachment point and the insertion is attached to the bone that is being moved