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Bio 201 (Anat + Phys) > Histology Vocab > Flashcards

Histology Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

histology

A

study of tissues

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2
Q

epithelial tissue

A
  • lines all body surfaces and cavities
  • secretes sweat, saliva, etc.
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3
Q

connective tissue

A

connects all other tissues to one another

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4
Q

muscle tissue

A

capable of generating for while contracting (your muscles bro)

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5
Q

nervous tissue

A

capable of generating, sending, and receiving messages

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6
Q

extracellular matrix (ECM)

A

substances in liquid, thick gel, or solid form that surround cells of tissue

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7
Q

ground substance

A

the most of the ECM

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8
Q

extracellular fluid (ECF)

A
  • aka interstitial fluid
  • the fluid that surrounds cells
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9
Q

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGS)

A
  • traps water in the ECM
  • helps ECM to resist compression
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10
Q

Proteoglycans

A

binds themselves to GAGS (resembles bottle brush)

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11
Q

cell-adhesion molecules (CAMS)

A

holds everything in place within the ECM

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12
Q

collagen fibers

A
  • make up to 20-25% of ALL proteins in the body
  • resistant to pulling and stretching
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13
Q

elastic fibers

A
  • composed of elastin surrounded by
    glycoproteins
  • can return to normal shape after being
    stretched
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14
Q

reticular fibers

A

forms web-like structures in organs to trap foreign cells

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15
Q

tight junctions

A

holds cells together closely. (is usually water tight.)

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16
Q

desmosomes

A
  • acts like velcro
  • strong hold
  • allows substances to travel from cell to cell
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17
Q

gap junctions

A

allows substances to flow freely through the protein channels

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18
Q

avascular

A
  • lack blood vessels
  • must obtain
    oxygen and nutrients by diffusion from deeper tissues
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19
Q

basement membrane

A

a thin membrane separating an epithelium from underlying tissue

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20
Q

basal lamina

A

ECM synthesized by epithelial cells; consists of collagen fibers and ground substance

(THE TOP LAYER) GLUE

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21
Q

reticular lamina

A

synthesized by underlying connective tissue;
consists of reticular fibers and ground substance

(THE BOTTOM LAYER) GLUE

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22
Q

simple squamous epithelium

A
  • thin layer of skin (one layer)
  • flat cells
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23
Q

simple cuboidal epithelium

A

single layer of cube shaped cells

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24
Q

simple columnar epithelium

A

single layer of rectangular cells

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25
Q

pseudostratified epithelium

A

appears layered because cells and tangled, but is really simple columnar

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26
Q

keratinized stratified squamous epi.

A

the cells on the surface are dead and flaking off

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27
Q

non-keratinized stratified squamous epi.

A

cells on the surface are still alive

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28
Q

stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

two cell layers of cube shaped cells

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29
Q

stratified columnar epithelium

A

top layer is columnar and layer under is cuboidal

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30
Q

transitional epithelium

A

arched on outside layer, usually cuboidal

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31
Q

paracellular

A

the transfer of substances across the epithelium by going through the intercellular space

32
Q

transcellular

A

the transportation of products by a cell through a cell

33
Q

gland

A
  • found in the epithelium
  • secretes products from designated cells
34
Q

endocrine gland

A

secrets products, usually hormones directly into the blood

35
Q

exocrine gland

A

releases products onto the surface of the body

36
Q

unicellular gland/goblet cell

A
  • most common exocrine gland
  • secretes mucus into resp. and digest. systems
37
Q

merocrine secretion

A
  • most common method
  • stores and secretes hormones and etc.
38
Q

holocrine secretion

A
  • accumulate product in cytosol
  • only releases product when the cells dies
  • pinches off
39
Q

connective tissue proper

A
  • generally used connective tissue
  • connects tissues and organs
40
Q

specialized connective tissue

A

has cartilage, bone tissue, and blood

41
Q

fibroblasts

A

most common resident cell

42
Q

adipocytes

A
  • aka fat cells
  • in different connective tissues
43
Q

mast cells

A
  • largest resident cell
  • is a immune system cell, releases histamine to cause inflammation (which activates the immune system)
44
Q

phagocytes

A
  • immune system cells
  • ingests foreign substances
45
Q

areolar tissue

A
  • aka loose connective tissue
  • is beneath epithelium of skin
46
Q

dense irregular tissue

A
  • disorganized collagen bundles
  • has all 3 planes of movement
47
Q

dense regular tissue

A

organized with parallel collagen bundles
- has one plane of movement

48
Q

dense elastic connective tissue

A

parallel squiggly fibers with scattered collagen

49
Q

reticular tissue

A
  • mostly reticular fibers made by fibroblasts
  • forms web like nets that trap foreign substances
50
Q

adipose tissue

A
  • aka fat tissue
  • made of fat storing adipocytes and surrounded by fibroblasts and ECM
51
Q

cartilage

A

in joints between bones, ears, nose, and segments of respiratory tract

52
Q

chondroblasts

A
  • immature cells
  • divide by mitosis and make most of ECM
53
Q

chondrocytes

A

when a chondroblast surrounds itself with EM in the lacunae and matures

54
Q

osseous tissue

A
  • aka bone tissue
  • supports and protects body
55
Q

osteocytes

A

osteoblasts that have surrounded themselves with ECM in lacunae and have matured

56
Q

plasma

A

liquid ECM

57
Q

erythrocyte

A

red blood cells

58
Q

leukocyte

A

white blood cell

59
Q

platelet

A

blood clotting cell

60
Q

excitable tissue

A

responds to electrical or chemical stimulation
(a muscle)

61
Q

myocyte

A

a muscle cell

62
Q

striated

A
  • myofilaments arranged in alternating light and dark regions; appear
    striped
  • skeletal and cardiac muscle
63
Q

voluntary

A

conscious

64
Q

involuntary

A

unconscious control

65
Q

intercalated disks

A

dark line separating individual cardiac muscle cells

66
Q

neuron

A
  • capable of sending and recieving messages
67
Q

neuroglia (glial cells)

A
  • support neuron activities
  • able to divide by mitosis unlike neurons
68
Q

membrane

A

thin sheets of one or more tissues

69
Q

serous membrane

A

-is a true membrane
- consists of mesothelium
- line
pericardial, peritoneal, and pleural body
cavities

70
Q

mesothelium

A

a thin layer of simple squamous epithelium

71
Q

synovial membrane

A
  • a true membrane
  • lines cavities surrounding joints (shoulders+knees)
72
Q

synoviocytes

A

modified fibroblasts that secrete synovial fluid

73
Q

synovial fluid

A

a watery, slippery fluid that lubricates joints

74
Q

mucous membrane

A

in any part of the body that stays wet (mouth, throat, vagina, nose, digestive tract)

75
Q

cutaneous membrane

A

the skin

76
Q

epidermis

A

-the outer layer of the skin
-keratinized stratified
squamous epithelium

77
Q

dermis

A
  • the middle layer of the skin, just under the epidermis

Bio 201 (Anat + Phys) (12 decks)

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