Chapter 6 Objectives

Question 1

describe the functions of the skeletal system

Answer 1

For support, protection, produces red blood cells, and is a reservoir for minerals and fat

Question 2

how are bones classified

Answer 2

-long bones
-short bones
-flat bones
-irregular bones
-sesamoid bones

Question 3

what is the difference between red and yellow bone marrow

Answer 3

• the amount of red marrow you have decreases with age
• red marrow is needed for children to grow

Question 4

what is the function of osteoblasts

Answer 4

• bone building cells
• perform bone deposition

Question 5

what is the function of osteocytes

Answer 5

no longer metabolically active

Question 6

what is the function of osteoclasts

Answer 6

bone resorption

Question 7

bone formed by intramembranous ossification are built on ___

Answer 7

model (starting material) membrane of embryonic connective tissue

Question 8

bone formed by endochondral ossification are built on ___

Answer 8

model of hyaline cartilage

Question 9

what bones are intramembranous ossification responsible for?

Answer 9

• flat bones
• the skull and clavicles

Question 10

what bones are endochondral ossification responsible for?

Answer 10

all bones below the head except for the clavicles

Question 11

how do long bones grow in length?

Answer 11

longitudinal growth (division of chondrocytes in epiphyseal plate)

Question 12

what is the longitudinal and appositional growth

Answer 12

longitudinal is growth in length while appositional is growth in width

Question 13

describe bone deposition

Answer 13

osteoblasts deposit bone

Question 14

describe bone resorption

Answer 14

osteoclasts secrete hydrogen ions onto the bone to break it down

Question 15

what are some factors that effect bone deposition

Answer 15

• compressional load, exercise and testosterone (increases osteoBLASTS)
• inadequate exercise, dietary lack in calcium + vitamins C, D, or K (decrease
  osteoBLASTS)

Question 16

what are some factors that effect bone resorption

Answer 16

• continuous pressure on bone + parathyroid hormone (increase osteoCLASTS)
• estrogen + calcitonin (decrease osteoCLASTS)

Question 17

what does calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, and vitamin D partake in?

Answer 17

bone remodelling

Question 18

what does calcium ion partake in?

Answer 18

when they is more calcium ion, it slows bone resorption
when there is less calcium ion, it speeds up bone resorption