Intro

Question 1

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 1

Basic Life Functions; subconsciously…NOT muscular movements.

Question 2

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 2

STRESS response, fight or flight (i.e. beta ablockers block this to decrease htn)

Question 3

Pharmacology

Answer 3

Late 1600s and then 1800s is when drug regulations began… “A science that draws on information from multiple disciplines.

Question 4

Nursing Process

Answer 4

Assess, diagnose, plan, Intervention, Evaluate.

Question 5

Two most important properties of an ideal drug…

Answer 5

Safety and Efficacy.

Question 6

…additional Properties of an Ideal Drug

Answer 6

• Rapid predictable response
• Convenient Administration (po)
• Once a day (short term…b/c more compliance)
• Inexpensive
• Eliminated quickly
• Few drug-drug interactions
• Specificity

Question 7

Goal of drugs?

Answer 7

Maximum benefit with minimum harm. *Risk Benefit

Question 8

Anticoagulants

Answer 8

Blood Clotting

Question 9

Antihyperlipidemics

Answer 9

Lower blood cholesterol

Question 10

Antihypertensives

Answer 10

Lower blood pressure

Question 11

Antidysrhythmics

Answer 11

Restore normal cardiac rhythm

Question 12

Antianginals

Answer 12

Treat Angina (chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart)

Question 13

Diuretic

Answer 13

Lowers plasma volume

Question 14

Calcium Channel Blocker

Answer 14

Blocks heart calcium channels (dec. how hard heart squeezes)

Question 15

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor

Answer 15

Blocks hormonal activity

Question 16

Adrenergic antagonist (blocker)

Answer 16

Blocks physiological reactions to stress

Question 17

Vasodilator

Answer 17

Dilates peripheral blood vessels

Question 18

Therapeutic vs. Pharmacologic

Answer 18

WHY vs. HOW

Question 19

Bioavailability

Answer 19

Amount of drug that body has to use and how quickly body can use that. This can be affected by generic vs. trade.

Question 20

Drug Standards

Answer 20

**Purity and Strength.

Question 21

FDA

Answer 21

medical devices, herbal products, cosmetics….medications, vet drugs, radiation, tobacco products… BUT NOT AS STRICT AS MEDICATION.

Question 22

Drug Development

Answer 22

KNOW….phases.

Question 23

Preclinical research

Answer 23

Non-human lab research…in order to get “investigative new drug” (IND) approval.

Question 24

Phase 1

Answer 24

SAFETY. (days-weeks and 30-50 people) Healthy males, 150-180 lbs, no medical history. Not if drug works, checking SAFETY.

Question 25

Phase 2

Answer 25

EFFICACY & safety. (weeks-months and hundreds of people) Tight group but perfect pts - LOTS of restrictions with specific people… “perfect” pts.

Question 26

Phase 3

Answer 26

Clinical Trials. (several years, and thousands of patients) Typical patients, but not extreme cases. Pt’s have co-morbidities but not terrible. “New Drug Application” = NDA accepted… NDA approved.

Question 27

Postmarketing Surveillance

Answer 27

Last phase - where COVID vaccine is right now. Lots of maybes and continuing to test. Longest period. Still don’t know all risks.