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pharmacology > ANS > Flashcards

ANS Flashcards

1
Q

ANS

A

Composed of central/peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

Central nervous system composed of?

A

Brain/Spinal Cord

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3
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Somatic skeletal muscle and autonomic!!

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4
Q

Parasympathetic (part of ANS)

A

Rest/Digest (cholinergic)

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5
Q

Sympathetic

A

Fight or flight (adrenergic) NE (norepinephrine)

  • Alpha 1 & Alpha 2
  • Beta 1 & Beta 2
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6
Q

Which clinical manifestations indicate a central nervous system dysfunction?

A
  • Lack of movement in left upper extremity
  • Decreased memory
  • Increased thirst.
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7
Q

Parasympathetic antagonist injury OR Sympathetic agonist

A

Dec. secretion of gastric acid.

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8
Q

Increased BP and HR when threatened

A

Sympathetic

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9
Q

Sympathetic

A

FIGHT OR FLIGHT.

  • Dilates pupils
  • Relaxes bronchi, accelerates heart rate, stimulates glucose release by liver, relaxes bladder (AND other sphincters… ), contracts rectum.
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10
Q

Parasympathetic

A

REST & DIGEST

  • Constricts pupil
  • stimulates salivation
  • Inhibits heart
  • Constricts bronchi
  • Stimulates digestive activity(!!)
  • Contracts bladder
  • Relaxes rectum
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11
Q

Given the main functions of the ANS, which nursing action would be a priority consideration in providing care for clients with an autonomic dysfunction?

A

Monitoring cardiac rhythms

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12
Q

Which assessment finding is reflective of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Frequent bowel movements.

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13
Q

Elevated liver enzymes?

A

Elevated sympathetic nervous system equals elevated glucose systems.

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14
Q

Pupils 8mm and equal?

A

Dilated; sympathetic.

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15
Q

Decreased urine output??

A

Sympathetic nervous system (Increased RAAS = inc. renin = hold on to fluid)

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16
Q

Alpha 1 Receptors!!

A

When activated it causes vasoconstriction = Inc. BP

17
Q

Beta 1 Receptors!!

A

Increased

  • Contractility
  • HR
  • Conduction
18
Q

Beta 2

A

Glycogenolysis (inc. glucose)

Inc. renin secretion (dec. urin/hold fluid, inc. BP)

19
Q

A1 Sphincters

A

Constriction/ejaculation

20
Q

Beta 2 Respiratory

A

Dilation of Bronchioles.

21
Q

Nonselective Adrenergic Agonists

A

It will ACTIVATE both Alpha and Beta receptors. Used for allergic anaphylaxis, bronchospasm, cardiac arrest, and severe hypotension. (epi-pen)… inc. BP, hold onto fluid, inc. HR, broncho-dilate.

22
Q

Ephinephrine (Adrenalin)

A

Onset: immediate/5 min.
Duration: 1-4 hours
Indications: CPR/anaphylaxis/local vasoconstriction/pupil dilation
Mechanisms of action: stimulates alpha and beta receptors.
Routes: IV/SQ/IM/inhalation.
Adverse Effects: nervousness, tremors, tachycardia, HTN, dysrhythmias, pulm. edema (inc. renin/RAAS), CNS stimulation, Local - necrosis (too little blood flow)
Contraindications:
Closed-angle glaucoma-iris bulges forward and blocks angle drainage causes pressure, CAD (bp inc. HR inc.),
Prego: Category C

23
Q

A client receives epinephrine for anaphylactic shock. The nurse should be aware of which mechanism by which epinephrine acts?

A

Directly, by stimulating adrenergic receptors.

24
Q

Alpha1-Adrenergic Agonist

A

(Vasoconstriction) Phenylephrine (neosynephrine)

25
Q

Phenylephrine (neosynephrine)

A

Onset: 1-2 hrs
Duration: 15min-3 hrs
*Indications: Nasal congestion and hypotension (vasoconstriction).
Mechanism of action: Activates A1-receptors in peripheral nervous system.
Adverse effects:
*Reflex bradycardia , reduced peripheral blood flow, CNS stimulation.
Contra Indications: Severe htn, pre-existing bradycardia, CAD, narrow angle glaucoma
Prego: C
Routes: PO/IM/SQ/IV

26
Q

Beta Adrenergic Agonist

A

Isoproterenol (Isuprel) NONSELECTIVE

27
Q

Isoproteroneol (Isuprel)

A

Onset: immediate
Duration <1 hr-12 hrs
Indication: Transient heart block, medication will inc. myocardial contraction.
Mechanism: Activates both B1 and B2 (inc. conduction/contractility/HR) and (Bronchodilate and liver/inc. glucose)
Adverse: Dysrhythmias, CNS stimulation, headache/nausea/vomiting
Contraindications: CAD/htn/dysrhythmias/hyperthyroidism/dm
Prego: C

28
Q

Tocolytics (B2)

A

Stops contractions and prevents pre-term labor

pharmacology (22 decks)

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