Cardiovascular System

Question 1

After a stressful event, a client’s blood pressure and HR rises. Which system is most likely responsible for this physiologic change?

Answer 1

The ANS system

Question 2

Blood goes from body to?

Answer 2

R side of heart!
Lungs!
L side of heart!

R sided HF = peripheral edema
L sided HF = pulmonary edema

Question 3

Heart failure =

Answer 3

Not getting enough blood flow to body d/t disease in heart. THUS = hyper trophy and inc HR

Question 4

CAD

Answer 4

Don’t want to vasoconstriction b/c it dec blood to heart.

Want to inc. supply or dec. demand so that heart isn’t overworked.

Question 5

Conduction

Answer 5

SA node; sends signal to bundle of HIS.

Question 6

Inotropic

Answer 6

Inc contractility and B1 receptor

• negative inotropic: weakens force of cardiac contraction
• positive inotropic: dopamine, adrenaline…

Question 7

Chronotropic

Answer 7

Accelerates HR

• negative chronotropic: slows down HR.
• positive chronotropic: adrenaline

Question 8

Dromotropic

Answer 8

Speeds up conduction

• negative dromotropic slows down conduction
• positive dromotropic- phenytoin

Question 9

CO = SV x HR

Sv?

Answer 9

Combo of preload/after load/contractility
Amount of blood before released (in R side of heart)
After load = resistance

Question 10

B1

Answer 10

Increase

Contractility, conduction, HR

Question 11

What part of sympathetic nervous system influences nervous system?

Answer 11

Alpha 1!

Question 12

Preload

Answer 12

Volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole.

Increases in

• hypervolemia
• regurgitation of cardiac valves
• HF

Question 13

After load

Answer 13

Resistance left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood.

Inc. in htn and vasoconstriction
Angiotensin inc. afterload! And thus inc. BP
If you block angiotensin (RAAS), dec in BP!
( anddddd dec preload)

Question 14

RBC carry?

Answer 14

Oxygen; four Hgb.

Question 15

CO

Answer 15

Blood pumped by each ventricle per minute

Question 16

peripheral resistance

Answer 16

friction that blood encounters in arteries

Question 17

blood volume

Answer 17

amt of blood that fluctuates throughout the body

Question 18

baroreceptors

Answer 18

sense pressures in large vessels (aorta and carotid)

Question 19

chemoreceptors

Answer 19

sense O2, CO2, Ph…can cause vascular dilation and respiratory rate inc. to inc. O2 supply.

Question 20

ADH

Answer 20

vasoconstrictor/assists kidneys to conserve water, inc. preload, inc. BP

Question 21

RAAS

Answer 21

constricts arterioles (vasoconstriction), inc. NA+ and water retention, inc. BP.

Question 22

ANP

Answer 22

secreted from R atrium, inc. sodium and water EXCRETION, dec. BP!