Intro

Question 1

when does neruolation start

Answer 1

3rd week of development

Question 2

process of neurolation (5)

Answer 2

1. formation of neural plate (d 16)
2. formation of nerual groove
3. Neural tube detaches from ectoderm (day 21)
4. closure of ant and post neopore (d 24/27)

Question 3

what deficiency is heavily correlated w neural tube defects

Answer 3

folate deficiency

Question 4

what does the encephalon form into (and @ w 4 and 6)

Answer 4

everything rostral to cervical flexure
@ w4- forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

@w6- telecephalon, diencephalon, midbrain, metacephalon, mtelecephalon

Question 5

3 basic layers of the forming neural tube and functions

Answer 5

Ventricular zone- made of ependymal cells

Intermediate zone- neuroblasts differentiate into to alar plate (sensory) and basal plate (motor)

Marginal zone (most out)- white matter of CNS

Question 6

What happens in spina bifida occulta

Answer 6

failure of formtion of the lamina of the vertebrea (not serious)

Question 7

What happens in meningocele

Answer 7

When dural sac bulges outside the vertebral canal

Question 8

What happens in menigomyelocele

Answer 8

When the spinal cord is herniated within the buldge

Question 9

what happens in myelocele

Answer 9

When the neural plate does not form a neural tube and stays as neural plate

Question 10

What happens in springomelocele

Answer 10

Protrusion of the membranes and spinal cord thru a dorsal defect in vert column

Question 11

What happens in anencephaly

Answer 11

occurs when the rostral end of neural tube fails to close

Question 12

what happens in hydrocephaly

Answer 12

an abnormal build up of CSF in the ventricles of the brain

Question 13

where are pyrimidal cells found and what is there function

Answer 13

UMN

• found in pyramidal layers of cerebral cortex
• form descending tracts

Question 14

Where are golgi type 2 fibres found/ resemble

Answer 14

• neurons with short axons (can have stellate/ granular appearence)
• found in cerebreal cortex

Question 15

what are golgi type 1 fibres

Answer 15

-multipolar neurons with long axons (LMN, UMN, purkinje cells)

Question 16

layers of cerebral cortex (out to in)

Answer 16

molecular
ext granular
ext pyrimidal
int granular
int pyramidal

Question 17

Where are astrocytes found/ what is there function

Answer 17

Protoplamic asyrocyte (in gray matter)
Fibrous astrocyete (in white matter)

Has perivascular feet that wrap nearby cappillaries and perineural feet that wrap nearby neurons

-provide support/transport neutrients

Question 18

function of ologiodendrocyte

Answer 18

produce myelin in the CNS

Question 19

Function of mucroglial cell

Answer 19

remove debris in the CNS

Question 20

function of enendymal cells

Answer 20

cells that line the central cannal of spinal cord

Question 21

what makes up the BBB

Answer 21

endothelial cell, basal membrane and perivascular feet of astrocyte