Basal Ganglia

Question 1

what are the 4 basal ganglia nuclei

Answer 1

1. Caudate nucleus
2. Lentiform nucleus
3. Colostrum
4. Amygaloid nucleus

Question 2

Where is the caudate found and what is its function

Answer 2

-located lateral to thalmus. Has body that is on floor of lat ventricle and tail that forms roof of inf horn of lat ventricle

Function- help us learn new mvmts + perform mvmts of intent

Question 3

What are the sections of the Lentiform nucleus

Answer 3

Outer- putamin

Inner- globus pallidus (which is further divided into inner and outer portions)

Question 4

Where is the lentifotm nucleus located

Answer 4

Just lat to internal capsul and medial to claustrum

Question 5

What is the corpus striatum made up of

Answer 5

Made of caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus + the connection bw them (nucleus accubens)

Question 6

Function of amygdaloid body

Answer 6

Involved in emotional learning and memory

Question 7

Where is claustrum located and its function

Answer 7

Bw putamen and cerebral cortex of insula

selective attention

Question 8

What is the nucleus accubens and function

Answer 8

Connection bw caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus

center of addiction

Question 9

Corticostriate pathway

Answer 9

All parts of cerebral cortex to caudate nucleus and putamin

Stimulatory

Question 10

Nigrostriatal pathway

Answer 10

Substantia nigra to caudate nucleus and putamin

Stimulatory

Question 11

Striatonigral pathway

Answer 11

Efferent connection from caudate and putamin to substaantia nigra

inhibitory + stimulatory

Question 12

Striatopalidum path

Answer 12

From putamin to globus pallidus

Inhibotory

Question 13

Subthalamic palido connections

Answer 13

subthalmus to pars interna of globus palladus

If subthalmus is not inhibited by pars externa of globus paladus, subthalmus will send extitaory signals to pars interna

Question 14

Pallidofugal connection

Answer 14

globus palidus to ventral ant thalamic nucleus

inhibitory

Question 15

Thalamocotical connection

Answer 15

Thalmus to cerebral cortex (primary motor)

Stims motor cortex

Question 16

Steps of direct pathway

Answer 16

Motor cortex stims
Striatium which inhibits
Globus pallidus (int)- So no Gaba release
Thalmus is stimed which stims Motor cotex

Question 17

Effect of Substania nigra on direct path

Answer 17

since their are D1 receptors on striatum, the dopamine released will make the striatum less polarized allowing them to execute quicker.

Question 18

Steps of the indirect pathway

Answer 18

Motor cortex stims 
striatum which inbits 
Globus palidus ext (no Gaba release)
This stims ST nucleus which stims 
Globus palidus int (releases GABA)
inhibits thalmus

Question 19

What are the effects of substantia nigra on indirect path

Answer 19

Striatum have D2 receptors, when dopamine binds it hyperpolarizes it which inhibits path but double negative effectively activates path

Question 20

What happens in parkinsons disease

Answer 20

affects direct path

Causes hypokinetic disorder (slow mvmt)
also due to substantia nigra destruction (cant stim striatum)

Question 21

What happens in Huntingtons disease

Answer 21

affects indirect path

if disturbed causes hyperkinetic mvmts ( balistic mvmts etc)