INTRO Flashcards
nonliving entities and living organisms are called
microbes
what are the two major categories of microbes
acellular
cellular
these microbes include viruses and prions or infectious particles
acellular
these microbes include all bacteria, archaea, some algae, protozoa & fungi
cellular
these are organisms composed of cells that lack a true nucleus
procaryotes
organisms that compose a true nucleus
eucaryotes
these are microbes that cause disease
pathogens
microbes that live in and on the human body are reffred as
indigenous microflora
inhibit the growth of
pathogens in those areas of the body where they live
by occupying space, depleting the food supply, and secreting materials (waste products, toxins, antibi-otics, etc.)
indigenous flora
Some of the microbes that
colonize (inhabit) our bodies
are known as
opportunistic pathogens
they have the potential to cause infections if
they gain access to a part of
our anatomy where they do not belong. BUT CAN CAUSE DISEASE
opportunistic pathogens
these are microbes that produce oxygen for humans
algae & cyanobacteria
these microbes aid in fertilization by returning inorganic nutrients to the
soil. breaking down dead and dying organic mate-
rials into nitrates, phosphates,
Decomposers or saprophytes
study of the relationships between microbes and the environment is called
Microbial ecology
farmers who practice crop rotation to replenish
nutrients in their fields and to gardeners who keep
compost pits as a source of natural fertilizer. what type of study is this
microbial ecology
what were the first microbes on earth?
archaea & cyanobacteria
what were the first microbes observed by humans
Bacteria & protozoa
who is the father of bacteriology & protozoology
Anton van leeuwenhoek
who proposed the theory of biogenesis
Rudolf virchow
his contributions are con-
sidered by many people to be the foundation of the sci-
ence of microbiology and a cornerstone of modern
medicine.
Louie pasteur
discovered forms of life that could exist in the
absence of oxygen.
pasteur
who introduced the terms aerobes & anaerobes
Pasteur
process involved heating
wine to 55°Cb and holding it at that temperature for
several minutes. is accomplished
by heating liquids
pasteurization
pasteurization does not kill all microbes in liquids just the pathogens
True
discovered the infectious agents that caused
the silkworm diseases that were crippling the silk in-
dustry in France.
Pasteur
the theory that specific microbes
cause specific infectious diseases.
germ theory of disease
developed vaccines to prevent chicken cholera,
anthrax, and swine erysipelas, rabies
pasteur
he proved that the an-
thrax bacillus (B. anthracis), which had been discovered
earlier by other scientists, was truly the cause of an-
thrax.
Robert Koch
developed methods of fixing, staining, and pho-
tographing bacteria.
Robert koch
vented a flat glass dish in
which to culture bacteria on solid media.
Petri dish
discovered the bacterium (M. tuberculosis) that
causes tuberculosis and the bacterium (Vibrio cholerae)
that causes cholera.
Koch
Some pathogens can not be implemented with koch’s postulates
True
Microbes having complex and demanding nutritional requirements are said to be
fastidious
diseases, called ___, are caused not by one particular microbe, but by the combined effects of two or more different microbes.
synergistic infections
these infections are caused by intoxication from ingesting toxins
algae
A domain of prokaryotic, microscopic, unicellular organism
bacteria
the origin of life from nonliving matter. specifically a theory in the evolution of early life on earth
abiogenesis
medical practices and procedures that helps protect patients from dangerous germs
aseptic technique
the development of life from preexisting life
biogenesis
are a polyphyletic group of single-celled eukaryotes, either free-living or parasitic, that feed on organic matter such as other microorganisms or organic debris
protozoa
a method of multiplying microbial organisms by letting them reproduce in medium under controlled laboratory condition
culture
a process that helps break down large organic molecules via the action of microorganisms into simpler ones.
fermentation
this story states that many diseases are caused by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa, or fungi.
germ theory of disease
theory is that each particular type of fermentation or of disease is caused by specific a kind of microbe
germ theory of fermentation
the study of how the body protects itself from microbes that cause infectious disease and tumors.
immunology
defined as the study of microbes.
microbiology
the living organisms that live and feed on dead and decaying organisms.
saprophytes
defined as a process of complete elimination or destruction of all forms of microbial life
sterilization
a form of sterilization that involves boiling the goods to be sterilized
tyndallization
small obligate intracellular parasites, contain either a RNA or DNA genome surrounded by a protein coat
virus
the study of relationships between microbes and environment
microbial ecology
a substance produced by a microbe that kills or inhibits growth of microbes
antibiotic
first person to see live bacteria & protozoa or the father of microbiology
Anton Van leeunwenhoek
French chemist and microbiologist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation, and pasteurization
Louis pasteur
(organisms that require oxygen)
aerobes
organisms that do not require oxygen).
anaerobes
can be used to kill pathogens in many types of liquids. (heating)
Pasteurizations
