13 DISEASES Flashcards
a bacterial infection caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae that leads to inflammation of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord
Pneumococcal meningitis
a gram-positive bacterium commonly found in the respiratory tract
Streptococcus pneumoniae
most commonly used antibiotics for Pneumococcal meningitis
Ceftriaxone
What are the common signs and symptoms of pneumococcal meningitis?
a) Abdominal pain and diarrhea
b) Muscle weakness and fatigue
c) Sudden onset fever, severe headache, and stiff neck
d) Visual disturbances and hearing loss
C Sudden onset fever, severe headache, and stiff neck
also known as varicella, is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus
Chickenpox
VZV virus Incubation Period takes _____ for symptoms to appear.
10-21 days
The varicella-zoster virus (VZV), which causes chickenpox’s portal of entry is
the respiratory tract
test can be used to detect the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in samples taken from the rash or respiratory secretions.
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test
What is the primary target of the varicella-zoster virus in the body?
Liver
Which virus causes chickenpox?
Influenza virus
Invade the keratinized part of the skin, hair, and nail (humans), wool, horn, hoof and feathers (animals)
DERMATOPHYTES
characteristic of dermatophytes
Microsporum - spindle
Trichophyton - pencil
Epidermophytum - club
Arthroconidia - habitant in body
Geophilic - habitant in soil
Zoophilic - habitant in animals
a bacterium that is a Microsporum and a Trichophyton
DERMATOPHYTES
severe illness that results from toxins which attack nerves making people have problems breathing or even lead to muscle weakness or death,
Botulism
Botulism is attributed to what bacterium
clostridium botulinum
clostridium butyricum clostridium baratii
various classifications of botulism
foodborne botulism,
infant botulism
wound botulism
inhalation botulism
The action of Botulinum toxin is largely on what part of the body or system?
nervous system and
peripheral nervous system.
when a botulinum toxin is being ingested inhaled or absorbed into the body, it gets carried by
blood to what?
nerve endings where it inhibits release of acetylcholine;
Signs and Symptoms
of Botulism
Muscle Weakness
Blurry Vision
Dry Mouth and Difficulty
Swallowing
Laboratory Test
for Botulism
in clinical samples, such as
serum, stool, or food.
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infectious disease caused by the
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
A Slow-growing Aerobic
Non-motile bacterium with a waxy cell wall
Acid-fast, meaning it resists decolorization by acidified organic solvents during staining procedures
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
the primary target organ for tuberculosis infection
lungs
LABORATORY TEST FOR TB
Tuberculin skin test (Mantoux test)
Chest X-ray
a fever characterized by systemic illness w abdominal pain and fever
typhoid fever
bacterium of typhoid fever
Salmonella enterica Typhi (s.tYPHI
CHARAC OF S.TYPHI
negative
bacillus
facultative anaerobe
flagellated
virulence factors of s.typhi
Lipopolysacch
Vi capsule
Enterotoxin
cytotoxin
POE of S.Typhi
Fecal route
Ingestion (through water, food
GI tract (where it attach and evade
A symptom of dysentery, splenomegaly, abdominal distention , shock may indicate
Typhoid fever
decreased level of consciousnes
Obtundation
Intervention for typhoid fever
Vaccine
ANtibiotic therapy
Mode of transmission for Typhoid fever
Flies
Fingers
Fomites
Feces
also known as lockjaw
Tetanus
Tetanus id caused by what bacterium
Clostridium tetani
Tetanus affects what system leading to muscle stiffness, spasms, and potentially life-threatening complications.
nervous system
a spore-forming
bacterium commonly found in soil,
dust, and animal feces
Clostridium tetani
Clostridium tetani produce toxins called
tetanospasmin
tetanolysin
The tetanus bacteria enter the body through breaks in the
skin, such as
cuts, puncture wounds, or burns
include jaw stiffness (lockjaw), muscle stiffness and spasms, difficulty swallowing, fever, sweating, rapid heartbeat, what condition is this
Tetanus
The tetanus bacteria do not exit the body
in the same way that they enter. Instead,
tetanus bacteria remain localized (TRUE/FALSE)
true
a protozoal infection of the intestinal tract that occurs due to ingestion of foods or water contaminated with cysts of Entameba Histolytica
Amoebiasis
a single-celled parasite (protozoan) that lives in the human intestine.
amoebiasis
ntamoeba histolytica has two stages:
Cyst
Trophozoite
Main Target of ameobiasis__ also known as the large intestine
colon
used to directly visualize inflammation in the colon caused by Entamoeba histolytica.
Colonoscopy
drug of choice for amoebiasis
Metronidazole
Nitazoxanide
commonly known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious respiratory illness
Pertussis
a small, aerobic, Gram-negative bacterium that causes pertussis
Bordetella pertussis
Pertussis primarily affects what system? respiratory system
respiratory system
stye is caused by what bacterium
(Staphylococcus aureus)
an infection of the liver caused by a virus
Hepatitis B
causes of hepa b
sexual contact; sharing needles, syringes, or other drug-injection equipment
S. aureus can spread to bones and joints, causing
osteomyelitis
antibiotic-resistant strains of staph aureus
Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
