CHAPTER 17 Flashcards
Inflammation of the skin
Dermatitis
Inflammation of a hair follicle, the sac that contains a hair shaft.
Folliculitis
Inflammation of a sebaceous gland that opens into a follicle of an eyelash.
Sty
A localized pyogenic (pus-producing) infection of the skin, usually resulting from folliculitis; also known as a boil.
Furuncle
A deep-seated pyogenic infection of the skin, usually arising from a coalescence of furuncles.
Carbuncle
surface lesion that is neither raised nor depressed, such as the lesions of measles
Macule
A surface lesion that is firm and raised, such as
the lesions of chickenpox
Papule
A blister or small fluid-filled sac, such as is
seen in chickenpox and shingles
Vesicle
A pus-filled surface lesion.
Pustule
three pathways for pathogens to enter the ear
eustachian (auditory) tube ; from throat & nasopharynx
external ear
via the blood or lymph
An infection or inflammation of the cornea the domed covering over the iris and lens.
Keratitis
infection that involves both
the cornea and conjunctiva
Keratoconjunctivitis
which respiratory tract
infections are the most
common cause of
death from infectious
diseases
lower
Inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the bronchial tubes; most commonly caused
by respiratory viruses
Bronchitis
Inflammation of the epiglottis (the mouth of the windpipe); may cause respiratory obstruction,
Epiglottitis
Inflammation
of the mucous membrane
and underlying tissue commonly referred
to as sore throat
Pharyngitis
Inflammation of one or both lungs. Alveolar sacs become filled with exudate, inflammatory
cells, and fibrin
Pneumonia
causes of pneumonia
bacteria or viruses
fungi
protozoa.
cause of pharyngitis
S. pyogenes
Viruses
cause of epiglottitis
Haemophilus
influenzae type b (Hib).
cause of sinusitis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
H. influenzae
they start when the external surface (the enamel) of a tooth is dissolved by organic acids produced by masses of microorganisms attached to the tooth (dental plaque).
- Dental caries. (tooth decay/ cavities)
the most common
cause of tooth decay, which produces lactic acid as an
end product in the fermentation of glucose
S. mutans.
Oral diseases such as gingivitis, periodontitis,
and trench mouth are collectively known as
periodontal
diseases
microbial activities in the mouth
- formation of dextran (sugar by streptopcocci
- acid production by lactic
acid–producing bacteria - deposition of calculus
- secretion of inflammatory substances
frequent discharge of semisolid or fluid fecal matter. defined as diarrheal specimens as “stool specimens that conform to the shape of the container.”
Diarrhea
Frequent watery stools, accompanied by abdominal pain, fever, and dehydration. The stool specimens may contain blood or mucus.
Dysentery
Inflammation of the intestines, usually referring to the small intestine
Enteritis
Inflammation of the mucosal lining of the
stomach.
Gastritis
Inflammation of the mucosal linings of the stomach and intestines
Gastroenteritis
Inflammation of the liver; usually the result of viral infection, but can be caused by toxic agents
Hepatitis
which uti include infections of the kidneys (nephritis or
pyelonephritis) and ureters (ureteritis).
Upper UTI
WHICH UTI include infections of the urinary bladder (cystitis)
Lower UTI
Inflammation of
the urinary bladder; the
most common type of UTI.
Cystitis
The most common cause
of cystitis is
Escherichia coli.
the most
common cause of
urethritis
C. trachomatis.
term referring to inflammation of
the kidneys
Nephritis
is inflammation of the renal
parenchyma.
Pyelonephritis
nephritis is
preceded by
cystitis
Usually caused by the spreading of infection upward
from the urinary bladder or downward from the
kidneys. ; ureters
Ureteritis
Inflammation of the urethra. Pathogens are usually transmitted sexually
Urethritis
the bacterium, Chlamydia trachomatis, but
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, ureaplasmas, and mycoplasmas
cause what inflammation
Urethritis
Most often, it is not an infectious disease in the genitoury system. If it is
caused by a pathogen, the pathogen may be a bacterium, a virus, a fungus, or a protozoan.
Prostatitis
Inflammation of
the fallopian tubes; also known as salpingitis.
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
The term sexually transmitted
disease (STD), formerly called
Venereal disease
Inflamed and swollen lymph nodes
Lymphadenitis
Diseased lymph nodes.
Lymphadenopathy
Inflamed lymphatic vessels
Lymphangitis
The presence of bacteria in the bloodstream is
known as
bacteremia
often results from dental
extractions, wounds, bites, and damage to the intestinal,
respiratory, or reproductive tract mucosa
Transient bacteremia
when pathogenic
organisms are capable of resisting or overwhelming the phagocytes and other body defenses this is called
septicemia
A patient experiences chills,
fever, and prostration
(extreme exhaustion)
and has bacteria
and/or their toxins in
their bloodstream. what disease does he have?
Septicemia
which body system does not contain indigenous microflora
Nervous system
Inflammation of the brain
Encephalitis
Inflammation of the brain and
spinal cord.
Encephalomyelitis
Inflammation of the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord
Meningitis
Inflammation of the brain and
meninges.
Meningoencephalitis
Inflammation of the spinal cord.
Myelitis
cause of meningitis
ingestion of poisons
ingestion or injection of drugs,
a reaction to a vaccine, or a pathogen
(the cause of
tetanus).
tetanospasmin
A yeast infection of the mouth
throat, or vagina; can become a systemic infection in
immunosuppressed individuals
Candidiasis
cause eye disease that can lead to blindness
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection
A parasitic infection that occurs in immunocompetent individuals
Malaria
A protozoal infection of the
eyes and brain
Toxoplasmosis
Otitis media is an inflammation or infection of the:
a. ear.
b. eye.
c. brain.
d. urinary bladder
. Keratitis is an inflammation or infection of the:
a. conjunctiva.
b. cornea.
c. kidney.
d. skin.
Which of the following is/are the most common
cause of pharyngitis?
a. Escherichia coli
b. Staphylococcus aureus
c. Streptococcus pyogenes
d. viruses
Which of the following is the most common cause
of tooth decay?
a. S. aureus
b. Streptococcus agalactiae
c. Streptococcus mutans
d. S. pyogenes
. An infection of the urinary bladder is known as:
a. cystitis.
b. pyelonephritis.
c. ureteritis.
d. urethritis
The most common cause of cystitis is:
a. Candida albicans.
b. E. coli.
c. Staphylococcus epidermidis.
d. Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
The most common cause of urethritis is:
a. Chlamydia trachomatis.
b. E. coli.
c. Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
d. S. aureus.
. Which of the following terms means swollen lymph
glands?
a. lymphadenitis
b. lymphadenopathy
c. lymphangitis
d. lymphitis
. Inflammation or infection of the brain is called:
a. encephalitis.
b. meningitis.
c. myelitis.
d. otitis externa
. Which of the following is not one of the three most
common causes of bacterial meningitis?
a. E. coli
b. Haemophilus influenzae
c. Neisseria meningitidis
d. Streptococcus pneumonia
