CHAPTER 13 BSAG WALAY MANGGAWAS ANI SA QUIZ

Question 1

Microbes that engage in mutual or commensal
associations

Answer 1

normal (resident) flora,
indigenous flora
microbiota

Question 2

a condition in which pathogenic microbes penetrate host defenses, enter tissues,
and multiply

Answer 2

infection

Question 3

an infection that causes
damage or disruption to tissues and organs

Answer 3

Infectious disease

Question 4

what are the 4 stages in infection

Answer 4

Contact
Colonization
Invasion
Infection
DIsease

Question 5

this is when microbes adhere to exposed body surfaces

Answer 5

Contact

Question 6

this is when Microbes cross lines of defense and enter
sterile tissues

Answer 6

Invasion

Question 7

this is when Pathogenic microbes multiply
in the tissues

Answer 7

Infection

Question 8

give me the adverse effects of infection

Answer 8

• morbidity/mortality occur
• results in injury/disruption to tissues
• microbes are established in the tissues

Question 9

give me beneficial effects of infection

Answer 9

• defenses hold pathogen in check
• colonization with microbiota
• repair of damage

Question 10

microbes that occupy the body for only short
periods

Answer 10

Transients

Question 11

microbes that become established

Answer 11

Residents

Question 12

what term is it called when bacterial flora benefit host
by preventing overgrowth
of harmful microbes

Answer 12

microbial antagonism

Question 13

occur when normal flora is
introduced to a site that
was previously sterile

Answer 13

Endogenous infections

Question 14

which cutaneous population is influenced by hygiene

Answer 14

transients

Question 15

which cutaneous population is stable, predictable, less
influenced by hygiene

Answer 15

Residents

Question 16

Most diverse and unique flora of the body

Answer 16

mouth

Question 17

what part of body favors anaerobic bacteria

Answer 17

Flora of large intestine

Question 18

what is the first organisms to colonize the respi tract

Answer 18

Oral streptococci,

Question 19

Mucous membranes of
nasopharynx

Answer 19

Neisseria

Question 20

Tonsils and lower pharynx

Answer 20

Haemophilus

Question 21

Sites that harbor microflora for females

Answer 21

Vagina and
outer opening of urethra

Question 22

Sites that harbor microflora for males

Answer 22

anterior urethra

Question 23

STORCH are pathogens that infect during pregnancy, what is the meaning of storch

Answer 23

• Syphilis,
• Toxoplasmosis,
• Other diseases (hepatitis
  B, AIDS and chlamydia),
  Rubella,
• Cytomegalovirus
• Herpes simplex virus

Question 24

Initial response of host defenses comes from

Answer 24

phagocytes

Question 25

used to avoid phagocytosis

Answer 25

Antiphagocytic factors

Question 26

what is toxic to white blood cells

Answer 26

leukocidins,

Question 27

traits used to invade and establish themselves in the host, also determine the degree of tissue damage that occurs

Answer 27

Virulence factors

Question 28

dissolve extracellular barriers and penetrate through or between cells

Answer 28

Exoenzymes

Question 29

capacity to produce toxins at the site of multiplication

Answer 29

Toxigenicity

Question 30

2 Types of Bacterial Toxins:

Answer 30

Endotoxin Exotoxin

Question 31

toxin that is not secreted but is released after the cell is damaged

Answer 31

endotoxin

Question 32

toxin molecule secreted by a living bacterial cell into the infected tissue

Answer 32

exotoxin

Question 33

inhibits a cellular protein to cause the damage

Answer 33

A component

Question 34

– microbes gain a stable foothold at the portal of entry; dependent on binding between specific molecules on host and pathogen

Answer 34

adhesion

Question 35

Only Gram-positive bacteria can secrete exotoxins. True False

Answer 35

FALSE (both can)

Question 36

4 stages of clinical infection ; process

Answer 36

Incubation period Prodromal stage Period of invasion Convalescent period

Question 37

vague feelings of discomfort; nonspecific complaints

Answer 37

Prodromal stage

Question 38

multiplies at high levels, becomes well-established; more specific signs and symptoms

Answer 38

Period of invasion

Question 39

as person begins to respond to the infection, symptoms decline

Answer 39

Convalescent period

Question 40

patterns of infection

Answer 40

localized systemic focal Mixed Primary Secondary

Question 41

microbes enter the body and remains confined to a specific tissue

Answer 41

Localized infection

Question 42

infection spreads to several sites and tissue fluids usually in the bloodstream

Answer 42

systemic infection

Question 43

when infectious agent breaks loose from a local infection and is carried to other tissues

Answer 43

Focal infection

Question 44

swollen lymph nodes

Answer 44

Lymphadenitis

Question 45

increase in white blood cells

Answer 45

Leukocytosis

Question 46

decrease in white blood cells

Answer 46

Leukopenia

Question 47

microorganisms are multiplying in the blood and present in large numbers

Answer 47

Septicemia

Question 48

small numbers of bacteria present in blood not necessarily multiplying

Answer 48

Bacteremia

Question 49

small number of viruses present not necessarily multiplying

Answer 49

Viremia

Question 50

long-term or permanent damage to tissues or organs

Answer 50

Sequelae

Question 51

person with a latent infection who sheds the infectious agent

Answer 51

Chronic carrier

Question 52

sources and transmission of microbes

Answer 52

Reservoir Source

Question 53

primary habitat of pathogen in the natural world Human or animal carrier, soil, water, plants

Answer 53

Reservoir

Question 54

individual or object from which an infection is actually acquired

Answer 54

source

Question 55

living reservoirs

Answer 55

carriers asymptomatic carrier passive carrier

Question 56

an individual who inconspicuously shelters a pathogen and spreads it to others;

Answer 56

Carrier

Question 57

contaminated healthcare provider picks up pathogens and transfers them to other patients

Answer 57

Passive carrier

Question 58

If a nurse transfers a pathogen between patients without becoming infected herself, the nurse as acted as the Chronic Carrier Convalescent Carrier Incubation Carrier Asymptomatic Carrier Passive Carrier

Answer 58

Passive

Question 59

A live animal (other than human) that transmits an infectious agent from one host to another is called a

Answer 59

Vector

Question 60

actively participate in a pathogen’s life cycle

Answer 60

biological factors

Question 61

not necessary to the life cycle of an infectious agent and merely transports it without being infected

Answer 61

Mechanical vector

Question 62

An infection indigenous to animals but naturally transmissible to humans is a

Answer 62

zoonosis