CHAPTER 13 BSAG WALAY MANGGAWAS ANI SA QUIZ Flashcards
Microbes that engage in mutual or commensal
associations
normal (resident) flora,
indigenous flora
microbiota
a condition in which pathogenic microbes penetrate host defenses, enter tissues,
and multiply
infection
an infection that causes
damage or disruption to tissues and organs
Infectious disease
what are the 4 stages in infection
Contact
Colonization
Invasion
Infection
DIsease
this is when microbes adhere to exposed body surfaces
Contact
this is when Microbes cross lines of defense and enter
sterile tissues
Invasion
this is when Pathogenic microbes multiply
in the tissues
Infection
give me the adverse effects of infection
- morbidity/mortality occur
- results in injury/disruption to tissues
- microbes are established in the tissues
give me beneficial effects of infection
- defenses hold pathogen in check
- colonization with microbiota
- repair of damage
microbes that occupy the body for only short
periods
Transients
microbes that become established
Residents
what term is it called when bacterial flora benefit host
by preventing overgrowth
of harmful microbes
microbial antagonism
occur when normal flora is
introduced to a site that
was previously sterile
Endogenous infections
which cutaneous population is influenced by hygiene
transients
which cutaneous population is stable, predictable, less
influenced by hygiene
Residents
Most diverse and unique flora of the body
mouth
what part of body favors anaerobic bacteria
Flora of large intestine
what is the first organisms to colonize the respi tract
Oral streptococci,
Mucous membranes of
nasopharynx
Neisseria
Tonsils and lower pharynx
Haemophilus
Sites that harbor microflora for females
Vagina and
outer opening of urethra
Sites that harbor microflora for males
anterior urethra
STORCH are pathogens that infect during pregnancy, what is the meaning of storch
- Syphilis,
- Toxoplasmosis,
- Other diseases (hepatitis
B, AIDS and chlamydia),
Rubella, - Cytomegalovirus
- Herpes simplex virus
Initial response of host defenses comes from
phagocytes
used to avoid phagocytosis
Antiphagocytic factors
what is toxic to white blood cells
leukocidins,
traits used to invade and establish
themselves in the host, also determine the degree of tissue
damage that occurs
Virulence factors
dissolve extracellular barriers and penetrate through or between cells
Exoenzymes
capacity to produce toxins at the site of multiplication
Toxigenicity
2 Types of Bacterial Toxins:
Endotoxin
Exotoxin
toxin that is not secreted but is released after the cell is damaged
endotoxin
toxin molecule secreted by a living bacterial
cell into the infected tissue
exotoxin
inhibits a cellular
protein to cause the
damage
A component
– microbes gain a stable foothold at the portal of entry;
dependent on binding between specific molecules on host and
pathogen
adhesion
Only Gram-positive bacteria can secrete exotoxins.
True
False
FALSE (both can)
4 stages of clinical infection ; process
Incubation period
Prodromal stage
Period of invasion
Convalescent period
vague feelings of discomfort; nonspecific complaints
Prodromal stage
multiplies at high levels, becomes well-established; more specific signs and symptoms
Period of invasion
as person begins to respond to the infection, symptoms decline
Convalescent period
patterns of infection
localized
systemic
focal
Mixed
Primary
Secondary
microbes enter the body and remains confined to a specific tissue
Localized infection
infection spreads to several sites and
tissue fluids usually in the bloodstream
systemic infection
when infectious agent breaks loose from a local infection and is carried to other tissues
Focal infection
swollen lymph nodes
Lymphadenitis
increase in white blood cells
Leukocytosis
decrease in white blood cells
Leukopenia
microorganisms are multiplying in the
blood and present in large numbers
Septicemia
small numbers of bacteria present in blood not necessarily multiplying
Bacteremia
small number of viruses present not necessarily multiplying
Viremia
long-term or permanent damage to tissues or
organs
Sequelae
person with a latent infection who sheds the infectious agent
Chronic carrier
sources and transmission of microbes
Reservoir
Source
primary habitat of pathogen in the natural world Human or animal carrier, soil, water, plants
Reservoir
individual or object from which an infection is actually acquired
source
living reservoirs
carriers
asymptomatic carrier
passive carrier
an individual who inconspicuously shelters a
pathogen and spreads it to others;
Carrier
contaminated healthcare provider picks up
pathogens and transfers them to other patients
Passive carrier
If a nurse transfers a pathogen between patients
without becoming infected herself, the nurse as
acted as the
Chronic Carrier
Convalescent Carrier
Incubation Carrier
Asymptomatic Carrier
Passive Carrier
Passive
A live animal (other than human) that transmits an
infectious agent from one host to another is called a
Vector
actively participate in a pathogen’s life cycle
biological factors
not necessary to the life cycle of an infectious agent and merely transports it without
being infected
Mechanical vector
An infection indigenous to animals but naturally
transmissible to humans is a
zoonosis
