Internal Anatomy Flashcards
phylum chordata characteristics
- notochord
- pharyngeal gills
- dorsal hollow nerve chord
- post anal tail
muscle tissue
- skeletal, smooth, cardiac
- myomeres organized laterally on the body
subdivisions of skeletal muscle
- white
- red
white (fast) muscle fibers blood supply
poor blood supply
most prominent muscle tissue in fish
skeletal
do white (fast) muscle fibers have myoglobin
no myoglobin
white (fast) muscle fibers metabolism
anaerobic glycolysis
anaerobic glycolysis
- species repay oxygen debt by aerobic conversion of lactate to glycogen & glucose in red muscle, heart, and liver
- recovery can take hours
- glycolysis is fast but provides lower ATP production
white (fast) muscle fibers: fish speed
bursts of speed when catching prey or escaping predators
red (slow) muscle fibers blood supply
highly vascularized
do red (slow) muscle fibers have myoglobin?
myoglobin present which caused red color
red (slow) muscle fibers metabolism
aerobic metabolism
red (slow) muscle fibers: fish speed
slow sustained swimming
why are red muscle fibers used for slower swimming?
because the reaction includes glycolysis, TCA cycle, & electron transport
blood vessels of the gills: Agnathans
7-14
blood vessels of the gills: Chondrichthyes
mostly 4
blood vessels of the gills: bony fish
4
opercular apparatus
protects the underlying gill arches
brachio-hyoid apparatus
floor of the mouth & support for the gills
what parts are included in the brachio-hyoid apparatus?
- gill arches
- gill rakers
- pharyngeal teeth
- supporting bones
alimentary canal
tube that stretches from mouth to anus for digestion & absorption
spiral valve
Chondrichthyes have a spiral valve in the intestine to increase surface area
after ingestion of food, gut is responsible for:
- digestion
- absorption
digestion
breaking down food into small, simple molecules with the use of acids and enzymes
absorption
taking molecules into blood
digestion is accomplished in…
- stomach
- pyloric caeca
- intestine
stomach
- low pH - HCl and other acids
- proteolytic enzymes
pyloric caeca
involved in absorption &/or digestion
intestine chemistry
- alkaline
- proteolytic enzymes
- amylases
- lipases
intestines functions
- diffusion into mucosal cells
- phagocytosis by mucosal cells
- active transport via carrier molecules
two types of gas bladders
- physostomus
- physocistous
physostomus gas bladder
open, directly connected to esophagus and stomach
physocistous swim bladder
- not connected to digestive system
- closely associated with circulatory system so gases can be transferred to circulatory system to swim bladder & vice verse
gonads: testes
- internal, paired
- usually <12% of body weight
testes in Agnathans
single sperm shed into peritoneal cavity and out through the urogential papilla
testes in Chondrichthyes
internal fertilization
Chondrichthyes sex organ
claspers
gonads: bony fish
- both internal & external fertilization
- specialized structures for sperm transfer
ovaries
as much as 30-70% of the body weight
fish brain size
1/5 the size of a bird or mammal
telecephalon
- cerebrum in tetrapods
- olfactory
diencephalon
- homeostasis & endocrine
- pineal body
mesencephalon
vision
metencephalon
muscle tone and swimming
myelenecepahion, brain stem, medulla oblongata
relay station for sensory systems
