External Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
body shape
A
- associated with foraging and swimming habits
- many unrelated species will converge on similar body shapes
2
Q
shape of eel-like fishes
A
- elongate bodies
- wedge-shaped heads
- rounded tails
- bodies vary from compressed to round
3
Q
how do eel-like fish use their body and tail?
A
they use their body and tail in a sigmoidal motion
4
Q
eel-like fish lifestyle
A
- live in crevices and holes in reef rocks
- can also be found in open water
5
Q
examples of eel-like fish
A
- eels
- Loaches
6
Q
rover predator shape
A
- fusiform
- terminal mouth
- fins evenly distributed over the body
- elliptical in cross scetion
7
Q
rover predator life style
A
- chases active prey
- often in flowing water
8
Q
examples of rover predators
A
- minnows (Leusicidae)
- jacks
- tunas
9
Q
shape of lie-and-wait predator
A
- sagittiform - elongate
- flattened head
- large tail
- dorsal and anal fins posterior
10
Q
lie-in-wait predator life style
A
motionless for long periods of time and then rapid lunges for prey
11
Q
examples of lie-in-wait predators
A
- pikes
- barracuda
- gar
- needlefish
12
Q
surface skimmer/feeder shape
A
- head dorso-ventrally flattened
- superior mouth
13
Q
superior mouth
A
mouth turned upward
14
Q
surface skimmer/feeder dorsal fin location
A
posterior dorsal fin
15
Q
surface skimmer/feeder lifestyle
A
- feed at surface
- use thin oxygen-rich layer of water at air/water interface
16
Q
surface skimmer/feeder examples
A
- topminnows
- mosquitofish
- flying fish
17
Q
bottom dweller
A
rovers
18
Q
bottom dweller shape
A
- humped nuchal region
- terminal/subterminal mouth
- large pectoral fins
- barbels and small eyes
19
Q
bottom dweller lifestyle
A
move actively along bottom seeking benthic prey, algae, or carrion
20
Q
bottom dweller examples
A
- catfish
- suckers
- sturgeon
21
Q
clingers and hiders shape
A
- large, flattened heads
- large pectoral fins
- modified pelvic fins
22
Q
clingers and hiders lifestyle
A
- live and feed along bottom
- eats mostly invert prey
- high current velocities for some species
23
Q
clingers and hiders examples
A
- darters
- clingfish
- sculpins
24
Q
flatfish life style
A
rovers or ambush predators
25
flatfish (Pleuronectiformes) shape
laterally flattened
26
flatfish (Pleuronectiformes) example
flounders
27
flatfish (Batoidea) shape
dorso-ventrally flattened
28
flatfish (Batoidea) examples
skates and rays
29
mid-water crevice hiders shape
- laterally compressed
- small protrusible mouth
- large eyes
30
mid-water crevice hiders lifestyle
- live on reef or rocks
- pick small invert prey or algae
31
mid-water crevice hiders examples
- butterflyfish
- surgeonfish
- angelfish
32
skin
- first line of defense, separation of body and environment
- structure similar to that of other vertebrates
- may contain specialized cells and glands
33
skin order from surface to deep
1. epidemis
2. scale pocket
3. dermis
4. muscle
5. scales
6. squamous epithelial cells
7. undifferentiated basal cells
8. alarm cell
9. mucous cells
10. taste bud
34
epidermis
- mucus, composed of glycoprotein Mucin
- photophores
- venom glands
35
dermis
- blood vessels, nerves, sense organs, connective tissue
- scale formation
- chromatophores
36
scale coverage
- naked
- partially scaled
- boney plates
- imbedded
- small scales
- fully scaled
37
naked scale fish example
catfish
38
partially scaled fish example
paddlefish
39
boney plates fish example
- sturgeon
- pipefish
40
imbedded scales fish example
eels
41
small scales fish example
salmon
42
fully scaled fish example
most fish
43
types of scales
- placoid
- cosmoid
- ganoid
- cycloid
- ctenoid
44
placoid scales
- cartilaginous fish
- dermal armor broke up into smaller pieces, scales in mouth became teeth
45
cartilaginous fish
arose independently of scales in bony fish, homologous with vertebrate teeth
46
cosmoid scales
- fossil coelacanths and lungfish
- fusion of placoid scales
47
ganoid scales
- ancestral condition for bony fish
- bone covered by enamel
48
fish who have ganoid scales
- gars
- bichirs
49
cycloid scales
found in ray-finned fishes
50
fish who have cycloid scales
- pikes
- herrings
- minnows
- trouts
51
ctenoid scales
found in spiny-finned fish
52
which scales can be used to age fish
cycloid and ctenoid scales grow with annuli, this can age fish
53
fins
location and shape of fins are related to fish activity patterns
54
caudal fin
- "tail"
- homocercal or heterocercal
55
homocercal tail
top and bottom of caudal fin are symmetrical
56
heterocercal tail
top and bottom of caudal fin are different
57
pectoral fin
near bottom of the side of the body
58
pelvic fin types
- abdominal
- jugular
- thoracic
59
pelvic fin location
- side of body
- where the "pecs" would be
60
dorsal and anal fin modifications
length modifications for rover predators
61
dorsal fin
on top of body
62
anal fin
fin near fishes anus
63
spines
- hard, pointed tissue
- unsegmented
- unbranched
- solid
64
rays
- soft, unpointed
- segmented
- usually branched
- bilateral
