Intelligence and Testing Flashcards
aptitude tests
psychologic tests used to assess talent for specific types of mental ability
achievement tests
tests that gauge a person’s mastery and knowledge of various subjects
what makes a quality test?
validity, reliability, practicality, objectivity and interpretability
Test norms
provides info about where a person scores on a test compared to others who have taken the same test
Uniform testing procedures
same rules for every single testing place and specific test
reliability
ability of a test to produce consistent and stable scores
test-retest reliability
a method of measuring reliability where the same individual is given the test on two different occasions and scores are compared. Similarity in scores indicates good test retest reliability
split test reliability
measure of consistency where a test is split and the scores for each half is compared
validity
ability of a test to measure what it claims to cover
content validity
how much the content of a test relates to the previous testing info
ex: studying all night for a test on WWII and the test only has questions on the cold war
Predictive validity
how well does the test predict future performance in a related matter
What ideas did Alfred Binet introduce
Mental age (age at which someone preforms mentally) and chronological age (actual age)
IQ formula
mental/chronological age x 100
Weschler’s Innovations
focused on verbal abilities and on performance skills
Made the first standardized intelligence test
Sternberg’s theory of intelligence (8)
Logical mathematical, linguistic, spatial, musical, bodily kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic
Goleman’s ideas
emotional intelligence - being able to identify/manage your own emotions and identify/manage emotions in others and your relationships with others. Also dealing with reacting appropriately to their emotions.
Twin Studies
studied twins and came to the conclusion that identical twins have stronger and more similar IQs than fraternal twins
adoption studies
found that adopted children have similar IQs to their foster parents & children growing up in the same house
Heritability
the % of which differences within a group regarding personality traits, idea that traits can be due to genetics
environmental deprivation & enrichment studies
children who grew up in a worse environment/were deprived of education will have worse IQs than that of kids who grew up in a more ideal environment
flynn effect
concept that generations keep getting smarter, IQs have risen throughout the years
reaction range & environment
idea that there are genetically determined limits on IQs.
genetic makeup places an upper limit on a person’s IQ that can’t be exceeded even when the environment is ideal.
Jensen’s controversial argument on race % intelligence
believed intelligence was 80% due to heredity
idea that racial groups had different IQs because of their race
bad soil analogy
plants grown in bad soil are less likely to thrive than plants grown in good soil
same idea applies to people, if a person’s environment is worse they’ll perform worse than someone who had a more ideal environment
socioeconomic disadvantage
minorities’ scores are worse because they have less opportunities for good education
stereotype threat
Derogatory stereotypes have held back many from achieving higher IQs which can create a vulnerability in education and can undermine one’s ability to perform well on a test
stereotype threat
Derogatory stereotypes have held back many from achieving higher IQs which can create a vulnerability in education and can undermine one’s ability to perform well on a test
cultural bias
Test questions reflect culture of white middle class more than other cultures
definition of intellectual disability
IQ < 70; lowest 3% of IQ scores
not a result of accident
onset before age 18
substantial limitations in functioning
