Integumentary System Flashcards
Besides skin, what are the other components of the integumentary system?
- Hair follicles/hair
- Sweat (sudoriferous) glands
- Sebacious (oil) glands
- Nails
What are the major functions of the integumentary system?
- Protective
- Immunologic
- Homeostasis
- Sensory
- Endocrine
- Exocrine
The epidermis is the ______ layer of the skin while the dermis is the _______ layer.
superficial; deep
The epidermis is made up of _______ while the dermis is made of ________ .
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium; connective tissue
The epidermis is derived from _____ while the dermis is derived from ______.
Ectoderm; mesoderm
T/F: The epidermis is highly vascularized.
False. The dermis is highly vascularized while the epidermis is avascular.
What is the layer just deep to the skin and what is it made of?
Hypodermis (under the dermis); adipose tissue
Where is thick skin typically found?
On palms of hands and soles of feet. These areas are subject to the most abrasion.
Which layer is thickened in thick skin?
The epidermal layer
T/F: Hair follicles are present in thick skin?
False. Palms and feet dumbass.
Name the layers of the epidermis from deep to superficial.
- Stratum Basale; BAD
- Stratum Spinosum; SPRINTERS
- Stratum Granulosum; GET
- Stratum Lucidum*; LEG
- Stratum Corneum; CRAMPS
What is the most abundant cell type in the epidermis?
Keratinocytes
What important intermediate filaments are produced by the most abundant cell type of the epidermis?
Keratins - major structural protein of epidermis
Keratinocytes produce _____ ______ which participate in the formation of the _____ ______.
lamellar bodies; water barrier
Which layer of the epidermis has mitotically active stem cells?
Stratum Basale
What gives the stratum spinosum its name?
The keratinocytes exhibit numerous cytoplasmic processes or “spines”
At which epidermal layer does the production of lamellar bodies begin?
Stratum spinosum
In the stratum granulosum layer, keratinocytes contain _______ ______.
keratohyalin granules
T/F: Lamellar bodies are released within the stratum granulosum.
True
Which epidermal layer is only found in thick skin?
Stratum Lucidum
The _______ _________ is a thin translucent layer of eosinophilic cells.
Stratum Lucidum
In the _____ ______ cells are filled almost entirely with keratin.
Stratum Corneum
How keratinocytes visually transition as they move superficially?
They flatten as they move superficially.
What cells produce melanin and where are they found?
Melanocytes; stratum basal with long processes extending into stratum spinosum
Where are melanocytes found in the epidermis?
Cell body in the stratum basale. Long processes extend into the stratum spinosum.
What role does melanin play in keratinocytes?
Melanin accumulates over nuclei to protect DNA from UV radiation.
______ cells are antigen-presenting cells typically found within the stratum spinosum.
Langerhans’
What are Langerhans’ cells derived from?
Bone marrow
______ cells are associated with sensory nerve endings and are located in the ______ ______.
Merkel’s; stratum basale
What part of a Merkel’s cell associates with the terminal of afferent nerve fibers?
Merkel’s Corpuscle
What are the three major types of skin cancer?
- Basal Cell Carcinoma: most common, stratum basale
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma: 2nd most common, all levels of epidermis
- Malignant Melanoma: most serious form, originates from melanocytes
The ________ layer of the dermis consists of loose connective tissue.
Papillary
The reticular layer of the dermis consists of __________ tissue.
Dense irregular connective
T/F: The reticular layer is considerably thinner than the papillary layer.
False. The reticular layer is thicker than the papillary layer.
Pacinian corpuscles detect _______ & ________.
pressure & vibration
Meissner’s corpuscles detect ________.
light touch
Where are Meissner’s corpuscles found?
Within dermal papillae of hairless skin
_____ corpuscles involve myelinated nerves, while _______ corpuscles involve unmyelinated nerves.
Pacinian; Meissner’s
Stimulation of what muscle results in goosebumps?
Arrector Pili Muscle
Eccrine sweat glands lead to the _______ _______ while apocrine sweat glands secrete into _____ _____.
Epidermal surface; hair follicles
Which sweat glands become functional at puberty and are responsible for body odor?
Apocrine glands
T/F: In regards to the secretory portion of the gland, apocrine sweat glands have a much wider lumen than eccrine glands.
True
What are the functions of eccrine sweat glands?
regulation of body temperature and waste removal
What are the functions of apocrine sweat glands?
Stimulated during emotional stress and sexual excitement.
T/F: Both eccrine and apocrine sweat glands are merocrine glands that excrete through exocytosis.
True
Where are sebaceous glands found?
Everywhere except thick skin
What type of secretion is utilized by sebaceous glands?
Holocrine excretion
What is the lipid-containing substance produced and secreted by sebaceous glands?
Sebum
