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F16: Anatomy Test 3 > G: Axilla & Brachial Plexus > Flashcards

G: Axilla & Brachial Plexus Flashcards

1
Q

What are the borders of the axilla?

A

Anterior - pec major and minor
Posterior - Lat. dorsi, teres major, and subscapularis
Medial - serratus anterior
Lateral - intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Base - Skin of armpit

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2
Q

What are the contents of the axilla?

A

Fat and connective tissue
Axillary vain and lymphatics
Cutaneous nerves
Axillary sheath - axillary artery and brachial plexus

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3
Q

What are the 5 groups of nodes in the axilla?

A
  1. Pectoral (anterior)
  2. Subscapular (posterior)
  3. Humeral (lateral)
  4. Central
  5. Apical
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4
Q

Which lymph nodes receive lymph from all of the axillary nodes and the proximal cephalic vain nodes?

A

Apical nodes

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5
Q

Which dermatome serves the cutaneous lateral arm?

A

C5

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6
Q

Which dermatome serves the cutaneous anterior arm, lateroanterior forearm and thumb?

A

C6

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7
Q

Which dermatome innervates cutaneous palm and middle three digits?

A

C7

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8
Q

Which dermatome serves cutaneous pinky and posteriomedial forearm?

A

C8

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9
Q

Which dermatome innervates medial elbow and forearm?

A

T1

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10
Q

Which dermatome innervates medial arm and axilla?

A

T2

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11
Q

Where is the axillary sheath in relation to the axilla?

A

Travels down center of the axilla, continues to medial of arm

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12
Q

What is contained within the axillary sheath?

A

Axillary artery, nerves, veins, lymphatics

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13
Q

Which is more anterior: axillary artery or axillary vein?

A

Axillary vein

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14
Q

Where does the subclavian artery transition to the axillary artery?

A

Lateral border of 1st rib

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15
Q

Where does the axillary artery transition to the brachial artery?

A

Inferior border of the teres major

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16
Q

What are the borders of the 1st part of the axillary artery?

A

1st rib -> pec minor

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17
Q

How many branches come from the 1st part of the axillary artery?

A

One: Superior thoracic artery

18
Q

What are the borders of the 2nd part of the axillary artery?

A

The borders of pec minor. Whole 2nd part is deep to pec minor

19
Q

How many branches does the 2nd part of the axillary artery give off?

A

Two.

Thoracoacromial and lateral thoracic

20
Q

What are the borders of the 3rd part of the axillary artery?

A

Pec minor and teres major

21
Q

How many branches does the 3rd part of the axillary artery give off?

A

Three.

Subscapular, anterior circumflex humeral, and posterior circumflex humeral.

22
Q

What upper limb muscle is not innervated by the brachial plexus?

A

Trapezius muscle (CN XI)

23
Q

What is the general organization of the brachial plexus from proximal to distal?

A

Read The Damn Cadaver Book

Rami (5) -> Trunks (3) -> Divisions (6) -> Cords (3) -> Branches (5)

24
Q

T/F: Roots, trunks and divisions are typically before the clavicle. Cords and branches are found distal to the clavicle.

A

TRUE

25
Q

Which rami form which trunks?

A

Upper trunk: C5 and C6

Middle trunk: C7

Lower trunk: C8 and T1

26
Q

Each trunk splits into an _______ and ________ division.

A

Anterior; posterior

27
Q

The lateral cord contains which divisions?

A

Anterior from upper and middle (C5-C7)

28
Q

Which divisions make up the posterior chord?

A

All three posterior divisions (C5-T1)

29
Q

Which divisions contribute to the medial cord?

A

Anterior of lower trunk (C8 and T1)

30
Q

What are the five major terminal branches of the brachial plexus and what are their contributing chords and dermatomes?

A
  1. Musculocutaneous: lateral chord (C5-C7)
  2. Median: Lateral and medial (C5-T1)
  3. Axillary: posterior (C5 and C6)
  4. Radial: posterior (C5-T1)
  5. Ulnar: medial (C8-T1)
31
Q

Which terminal branches of the brachial plexus form the “M” shape?

A

Musculocutaneous, Median, Ulnar

32
Q

Which terminal branches of the brachial plexus form the “Y” shape?

A

Axillary and radial nerves

33
Q

Which is the major nerve of the anterior arm? What does it innervate?

A

Musculocutaneous (C5-C7); coracobrachialis, biceps, and half of brachialis

34
Q

Which is the major nerve of the anterior forearm? What does it innervate?

A

Median nerve (C5-T1); most of anterior forearm

35
Q

Which nerve is the major nerve of the hand? What does it innervate?

A

Ulnar nerve (C8-T1); muscles of hand, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum profundus

36
Q

Which major terminal branch of the brachial plexus circles around the humerus and goes through the quadrangular space? What does it innervate?

A

Axillary nerve (C5-C6); deltoid and teres minor

37
Q

Which nerve is the major nerve of the posterior arm and forearm? What does it innervate?

A

Radial nerve (C5-T1); all posterior muscles and half brachialis

38
Q

What are the three upper plexus nerves? What do they innervate?

A
  1. Dorsal Scapular n. (C5) - rhomboid and levator scapulae
  2. Long thoracic n. (C5-C7) - serratus anterior
  3. Suprascapular n. (C5-C6) - supraspinatus and infraspinatus
39
Q

What are the two pectoral nerves and what do they innervate?

A
  1. Lateral pectoral n. (C5-C7) - pectoralis major

2. Medial pectoral n. (C8-T1) - pectoralis major and minor

40
Q

What are the three lower plexus nerves and what do they innervate?

A
  1. Upper subscapular n. (C5-C6) - subscapularis
  2. Thoracodorsal n. (C6-C8) - latissimus dorsi
  3. Lower subscapular n. (C5-C6) - subscapularis and teres major
41
Q

The __________ is an additional brachial plexus nerve that innervates the subclavius muscle.

A

Nerve to subclavius (C5-C6)

42
Q

The two cutaneous nerves from the medial cord of the brachial plexus are the ________ (medial arm) and ________ (medial forearm).

A

Medial brachial cutaneous n.

Medial antibrachial cutaneous n.

F16: Anatomy Test 3 (11 decks)

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