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F16: Anatomy Test 3 > G: Back And Vertebral Column > Flashcards

G: Back And Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three groups of muscles in the back and what are their general functions?

A
  1. Superficial - anchor UL to axial skeleton
  2. Intermediate - assist in respiration
  3. Deep - maintain posture; act on vertebral column
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2
Q

What are the five muscles of the superior back?

A
  1. Trapezius m.
  2. Latissimus dorsi m.
  3. Rhomboid major m.
  4. Rhomboid minor m.
  5. Levator scapulae m.
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3
Q

Trapezius muscle?

A

O&I: occipital to clavicle and scapula

A: elevates, depresses and retracts scapula

N: accessory n. (CN XI) and C3, C4; Transverse cervical vessels.

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4
Q

______ gives motor to trapezius while _______ give its proprioception.

A

CN XI; C3-C4

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5
Q

Latissimus dorsi?

A

O&I: lower spine to top of humerus

A: adducts, extends, and medially rotates humerus

N: thoracodorsal n.; thoracodorsal vessels and intercostal vessels

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6
Q

Levator scapulae?

A

O&I: upper spine to scapula

A: elevates scapula

N: C3, C4, and dorsal scapular n.; dorsal scapular vessels

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7
Q

Rhomboid major is ________ and _________ than rhomboid minor.

A

Inferior; larger

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8
Q

Rhomboid major and minor

A

O&I: Central spine to scapula laterally

A: retracts (adducts) and elevates scapula

N: dorsal scapular n.; dorsal scapular vessels

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9
Q

What are the intermediate muscles of the back?

A
  1. Serratus posterior superior - upside down v on upper spine
  2. Serratus posterior inferior - v shape on lower spine
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10
Q

What are the deep muscles of the back?

A
  1. Suboccipital muscles
  2. Transversospinalis (Semispinalis) muscles
  3. Spinotransversales (splenius) muscles
  4. Erector spinae muscles
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11
Q

Splenius capitus?

A

O&I: occipital to upper spine

A: Draws head backward and extends neck. Individually: rotates head ipsilaterally

N: posterior rami of middle and lower cervical nerves

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12
Q

Which semispinalis muscle is most easily seen and covers the suboccipital triangle?

A

Semispinalis capitis

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13
Q

What is the major function of the semispinalis muscles?

A

Extend vertebral column. Individually rotate trunk contralaterally

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14
Q

What are the muscles of the suboccipital triangle and where do they border the triangle?

A

Medial: Rectus capitus posterior major
Lateral: Obliquus capitus superior
Base: Obliquus capitus inferior

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15
Q

What nerve innervates the motor senses of all muscles of the suboccipital triangle?

A

C1 (posterior ramus)

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16
Q

Which nerve and artery pierce the semispinalis capitus m. on there way to the skull?

A

C2 and occipital artery

17
Q

What nerves and vessels travel through the suboccipital triangle?

A

Posterior ramus of C1 and vertebral artery

18
Q

Erector spinae muscles?

A

O&I: lower spine to middle spine/ribs

A: erect spine (posture)

N: dorsal rami of spinal nerves; lumbar and intercostal vessels

19
Q

Multifidus?

A

O&I: laterally on lower spine

A: laterally flexes and rotates spine contralaterally

N: dorsal rami of spinal nerves; lumbar vessels

20
Q

Rotatores?

A

O&I: Laterally on middle spine

A: rotate spine contralaterally

N: dorsal rami of spinal nerves; intercostal vessels

21
Q

If there was an issue with the dorsal rami of the spinal nerves what would the pathology look like in a patient?

A

Poor posture because the dorsal rami supply innervation for the deep back. Intermediate and superficial are from ventral rami

22
Q

Serratus anterior muscle?

A

O&I: lateral surface of ribs to medial scapula

A: protracts scapula

N: long thoracic n.; lateral thoracic vessels

23
Q

What is the significance of the triangle of auscultation?

A

Used as spot to listen to organs of the the thorax

24
Q

What are the borders of the triangle of auscultation?

A

Medial: trapezius
Inferior: latissimus dorsi
Lateral: rhomboid major
Deep: 6th intercostal space (between 6 and 7)

25
Q

What is the significance of the lumbar triangle?

A

Can be site of lumbar hernia

26
Q

What are the boundaries of the lumbar triangle?

A

Medial: latissimus dorsi
Lateral: external oblique
Inferior: iliac crest
Deep: internal oblique

27
Q

What joint can often be seen in an open mouth radiograph?

A

Atlanta-axial joint

28
Q

How does C1 nerve exit the vertebral canal?

A

Between skull and C1 vertebra. This leads to 8 cervical nerves for 7 cervical vertebrae.

29
Q

________ branches enter into the vertebral body, while _________ branches supply the tissue surrounding the vertebral body.

A

Equatorial; periosteal

30
Q

In the vertebral canal, spinal branches of arteries branch into __________ and ___________ vertebral canal branches.

A

Posterior; anterior

31
Q

The vertebral column is innervated by the ___________ meningeal branches of the spinal nerves.

A

Recurrent

32
Q

Several veinous plexuses drain the vertebrae into what major vein? Where?

A

IVC in the lumbosacral region

F16: Anatomy Test 3 (11 decks)

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