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F16: Anatomy Test 3 > H: Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

H: Muscle Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name for the cytoplasm in a muscle cell?

A

Sarcoplasm

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2
Q

Smooth ER in a muscle cell?

A

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

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3
Q

Plasma membrane in a muscle cell?

A

Sarcolemma

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4
Q

What are two alternate names for a muscle cell?

A

Muscle fiber or Myofiber

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5
Q

What are the three hierarchies of muscles?

A

Muscle cell -> muscle tissue -> muscle organ

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6
Q

What are the four special characteristics of muscle tissue?

A
  1. Excitability
  2. Contractility
  3. Extensibility
  4. Elasticity
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7
Q

What are the four major functions of muscle tissue?

A
  1. Producing movement
  2. Maintaining Posture
  3. Stabilizing joints
  4. Generating heat
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8
Q

Which type of muscle tissue is under voluntary control?

A

Skeletal muscle

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9
Q

Skeletal Muscle cells produce _____ and ______ contractions.

A

Strong; quick

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10
Q

What is a major defining characteristic of skeletal muscle?

A

Long multinucleate fibers. One cell can span the entire length of the muscle.

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11
Q

Cardiac muscles produce _____ and _____ contractions.

A

Strong; quick

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12
Q

What is a defining characteristic of cardiac muscle?

A

Intercalated discs that joint the branched uninucleate cells.

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13
Q

________ muscle fibers are striated but are very uniform, while _______ muscle fibers are striated but do not follow a uniform shape.

A

Skeletal; cardiac

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14
Q

_______ muscle fibers produce weak, slow contractions.

A

Smooth

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15
Q

Which muscle fiber does not have striations?

A

Smooth muscle

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16
Q

Which muscle fibers have central nuclei and arrange closely to form sheets?

A

Smooth muscle

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17
Q

Where is smooth muscle found?

A

In the walls of hallow organs.

18
Q

Type I muscle fibers are ____, while type II muscle fibers are ____.

A

Slow; fast

19
Q

Type I muscle fibers derive energy from what process?

A

Aerobic oxidative phosphorylation of fatty acids

20
Q

Type I muscle fibers have many _______ and lots of _______ (give it its dark red color).

A

Mitochondria; myoglobin

21
Q

T/F: Type IIb muscle fibers have more mitochondria and myoglobin, but less glycogen.

A

False!

Type IIa: many mitochondria, lots of myoglobin and glycogen

Type IIb: fewer mitochondria and myoglobin, but LOTS of glycogen (gives it pale color)

22
Q

Which types of skeletal muscle fibers are adapted for rapid contractions, but fatigue quickly?

A

Type IIb

23
Q

As fibers go from red (type I) to white (type IIb) what are the major physiological changes that occur?

A

Go from primarily aerobic oxidation (red, type I) –> oxidative metabolism and anaerobic glycolysis (intermediate, type IIa) –> primarily anaerobic glycolysis (white, type IIb)

24
Q

A __________ __________ is a chemical synapse between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber.

A

Neuromuscular junction (aka motor end plate)

25
Q

What does a motor unit consist of?

A

The motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates.

26
Q

What are the lateral boundaries of a sarcomere?

A

Z lines

27
Q

What is the center line of a sarcomere?

A

M line

28
Q

What are the thin filaments?

A

Actin

29
Q

What are the the thick filaments?

A

Myosin

30
Q

What is found in the A band?

A

Combination of myosin and actin

31
Q

What is found in the I bands?

A

Only actin. No myosin.

32
Q

The lengths of what do not change during muscle contraction?

A

Thin and thick filaments.

33
Q

The ______ ______ and ______ _______ shrink and eventually disappear during muscle contraction.

A

H zone; I band

34
Q

Describe the “excitation” steps in excitation-contraction coupling?

A
  1. Action potential moves along sarcolemma and down the T tubules
  2. Ca2+ release from terminal cisternae of SR
  3. Ca2+ binds to troponin, troponin changes shape removing binding sites of tropomyosin, exposing actin active sites
35
Q

Describe the “contraction” steps in excitation-contraction coupling.

A
  1. Myosin cross bridges alternately attach and detach to actin, pulling the actin toward the m line. ATP powers the process.
  2. Removal of Ca2+ by active transport into SR once action potential ends.
  3. Tropomyosin blockage restored and muscle fiber relaxes ending contraction
36
Q

What chemicals are released during the working stroke of myosin?

A

ADP and phosphate

37
Q

What does a skeletal muscle organ consist of?

A
  1. Skeletal muscle tissue
  2. Vessels
  3. Nerve fibers
  4. Connective tissue
38
Q

Where is endomysium found in skeletal muscle?

A

Between the fibers

39
Q

Where is the perimysium found in skeletal muscle?

A

Around fascicles (bundles of muscle fibers).

40
Q

Where is the epimysium found in skeletal muscle?

A

Surrounding the entire organ

41
Q

T/F: Cardiac muscle cells contain larger mitochondria than skeletal muscle cells.

A

True

42
Q

T/F: Terminal cisternae forms triads with t tubules in skeletal muscles, but form diads in cardiac muscles.

A

True

F16: Anatomy Test 3 (11 decks)

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