Elbow, Cubital Fossa, Forearm Flashcards
What are the three bony articulations of the elbow joint?
- Trochlear notch of ulna and trochlea of humerus
- Head of radius and capitulum of humerus
- Head of radius and radial notch of ulna (proximal radio-ulnar joint)
What does the radial collateral ligament connect? What forces does it resist?
Connects lateral radius and humerus
Resists forces from midline (varus)
What does the ulnar collateral ligament connect and what forces does it resist?
Connects medial ulnar with humerus
Resists forces toward the midline (valgus)
What function does the anular ligament serve?
Wraps radial head and keeps it in place
Radial head can be pulled distally as a child
Which artery splits into the radial and ulnar arteries in the cubital fossa?
Brachial artery
What artery anastomoses with the superior ulnar collateral artery?
Posterior ulnar recurrent artery
What artery anastomoses with the inferior ulnar collateral artery?
Anterior ulnar recurrent artery
What artery anastomoses with the radial collateral artery?
Radial recurrent artery
Which artery anastomoses with the middle collateral artery?
Recurrent interosseus artery
What are the medial and lateral boundaries for the cubital fossa?
Medial: pronator teres muscle
Lateral: brachioradialis
Deep: brachialis muscle
What goes through the cubital fossa? (Lateral to medial)
TAN
Tendon of biceps brachii
brachial Artery
median Nerve
What is the only major structure transmitted through the elbow that passes posteriorly?
Ulnar nerve
What are the two major superficial veins in the forearm and what vein connects them at the cubital fossa?
Medial: basilic vein
Lateral: cephalic vein
Median cubital vein connects them
What are the two cutaneous nerves of the anterior forearm?
Medial cutaneous nerve: direct branch from brachial plexus
Lateral cutaneous nerve: continuation of musculocutaneous nerve
What structure serves as protection for the brachial artery and median nerve in the cubital fossa?
Bicipital aponeurosis
T/F: The anterior component of the forearm will flex the wrist, flex the digits, and supinate the hand.
FALSE
Anterior pronates the hand!
Distal radio-ulnar joint connects which bony features?
Ulnar notch of radius and head of ulna
What is the membrane connecting the radius and ulna, therefore separating the anterior and posterior components of the forearm?
Interosseous membrane
T/F: The anterior forearm has three layers of muscles, while the posterior forearm has two layers of muscles.
TRUE
All muscles of the anterior forearm are innervated by the median nerve except…
Flexor carpi ulnaris: ulnar nerve
Medial half of flexor digitorum profundus: digits 4 and 5 innervated by ulnar nerve
The four superficial anterior forearm muscles from lateral (index) to medial (pinky)?
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
What is the action of the pronator teres?
Pronate the forearm
What is the action of the flexor carpi radialis?
Flexion and abduction of the wrist
What is the function of palmaris longus?
Flex wrist and tense aponeurosis in the hand
Very thin; may be absent
What is the action of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
Flex and adduct wrist
ULNAR NERVE
What muscle constitutes the intermediate layer of the anterior forearm? Action?
Flexor digitorum superficialis: large muscle, tendon goes through carpel tunnel to digits 2-5
A: flexion of PIPs (proximal) and MPs of digits 2-5
What are the three muscles of the deep layer of the anterior forearm?
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus
What is the function of flexor digitorum profundus?
Goes under split tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis at the digits to attach to DIPs (distal)
A: flexion of DIPs and MPs digits 2-5
ULNAR NERVE for digits 4-5
What is the action of flexor pollicis longus?
Flex the thumb
Pronator quadratus?
Odd looking muscle at wrist
Pronates the forearm
What passes through the carpel tunnel?
Tendons from flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, and median nerve
Brachioradialis?
OI: Connects lateral humerus to distal radius
A: accessory flexor at elbow
N: radial nerve
Anconeus?
OI: shorter and goes laterally connecting lateral humerus to ulna
A: accessory extensor at elbow
N: radial nerve
Extensor carpi radialis longus?
OI: most lateral and goes to 2nd metacarpal
A: extends and abducts wrist
N: radial nerve
Extensor carpi radialis brevis?
OI: 2nd most lateral and goes to 3rd metacarpal
A: extends and abducts wrist
N: radial nerve
Extensor digitorum?
OI: most prominent muscle; sends tendons to digits 2-5
A: extends digits 2-5
N: radial nerve
Extensor digiti minimi?
OI: just medial to extensor digitorum; sends tendon to digit 5
A: extend digit 5
N: radial nerve
Extensor carpi ulnaris?
OI: most medial muscle; goes to base of 5th metacarpal
A: extend and adduct wrist
N: radial nerve
Supinator?
OI: two heads wrap around radius near the elbow
A: supination
N: radial nerve
What are the three deep muscles that emerge between the extensor digitorum and the extensor carpi radialis brevis? (Lateral to medial)
Abducter pollicis longus: goes to wrist; abducts thumb
Extensor pollicis brevis: goes to proximal thumb; extends proximal thumb
Extensor pollicis longus: goes to distal thumb; extends whole thumb
Extensor indicis?
OI: deep muscle deep to extensor digitorum; tendon goes to 2nd digit
A: extends index finger
N: radial nerve
