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Anat/Phys > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

0
Q

What is the largest organ of the body?

How much is that of your body weight?

A

Skin, 16%

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1
Q

What does the integumentary system include?

A

Skin, hair, nails, and excretory glands

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2
Q

What are the 2 parts of the cutaneous membrane?

A

Epidermis, dermis

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3
Q

What are the 3 parts of the accessory organs?

A

Hair, nails, and excretory glands

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4
Q

What is the fat later protecting major blood vessels?

A

Subcutaneous layer

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5
Q

What is the scientific name for the subcutaneous layer?

A

Hypodermis

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6
Q

What are 6 functions of integument?

A
  1. Protection
  2. Excretes salt
  3. Maintains body temp.
  4. Formation of vitamin D
  5. Storage of nutrients
  6. Touch receptors
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7
Q

What are 2 function of the epidermis?

A
  1. Protection

2. Keeps out micro organisms

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8
Q

What causes hardening in the epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes

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9
Q

What are the thickest parts of the epidermis?

A

Palms and soles of feet

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10
Q

What are the thinnest parts of the epidermis?

A

Eyelids and belly button

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11
Q

What cells are sensitive to touch?

A

Merkel cells

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12
Q

What cells are brown pigment cells?

A

Melanocytes

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13
Q

Deepest layer, created epidermal ridges, don’t change over time, contains stem cells, cell will go under mitosis, contains merkel cells and melanocytes

A

Stratum balsale

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14
Q

Above the basale layer, contains langerhans cells, cells are still dividing

A

Stratum spinosum

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15
Q

Above spinodum, cells don’t divide, make keratin

A

Stratum granulosum

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16
Q

Only found in thick skin areas, thin, flat, and clear, densely packed filled with keratin

A

Stratum lucidium

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17
Q

Surface layer, 15-20 layers thick, water resistant, keratinized

A

Stratum corneum

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18
Q

What cells fight infection?

A

Langerhans cells

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19
Q

What protects and hardens skin, hair, and nails?

A

Keratin

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20
Q

What are hardened and protective cells?

A

Keratinized cells

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21
Q

Layers of the skin from the deepest layer to the outside layer.

A

Stratum balsale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidium, and stratum corneum

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22
Q

What layer of skin protects?

A

Epidermis or hypodermis

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23
Q

What layer of skin excretes salt?

A

Dermis

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24
Q

What layer of skin maintains body temp?

A

Hypodermis

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25
Q

What layer of skin forms vitamin D?

A

Epidermis

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26
Q

What layer of skin stores nutrients?

A

Hypodermis

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27
Q

What layer of skin has touch receptors?

A

Dermis

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28
Q

Gradual evaporation throughout the day

A

Insensible

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29
Q

Sweat out of glands

A

Sensible

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30
Q

2 things skin color is caused by

A

Epidermal pigment, dermal circulation

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31
Q

Pigment that is orangish and yellow. Can be changed to vitamin A. Help with vision

A

Carotene

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32
Q

Pigment that is brownish yellow blackish. Protects against UV Rays, levels change when exposed to sunlight

A

Melanin

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33
Q

Pigment that is Reddish pink. Found in blood, carries oxygen

A

Hemoglobin

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34
Q

Vessels that are flushed skin (red)

A

Dialated vessels

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35
Q

Vessels that are cyanosis (blue)

A

Constricted vessels

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36
Q

Contains dermal papilla, sensory neurons and capillaries

A

Superficial papillary

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37
Q

Deeper part of the dermis that holds structures in place

A

Reticular layer

38
Q

What are many things contained in the dermis?

A

Hair follicles, nails, and sweat glands, blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerve fibers

39
Q

Loss of elastin in the dermis due to UV exposure

40
Q

Nerve innervation of the dermis that had light touch

A

Meissner corpusles

41
Q

Nerve innervation of the dermis that causes pain and has heavy pressure

A

Pacinian corpusles

42
Q

Stabilizes skin, made up of fat and aredar tissue, energy source, shock absorber, insubator, blood reservoir, elastic fibers

A

Subcutaneous layer, hypodermis

43
Q

They are non living, form in the dermis, you have 5 million of them, formed in hair follicles

44
Q

Anchors hair into skin

45
Q

Surrounds hair follicle and connects it to blood vessels and nerves

46
Q

The part of hair above the skin

A

Hair shaft

47
Q

The outer surface of hair

48
Q

The middle layer of hair, thick layer of keratin

49
Q

The inner core of hair

50
Q

The 1st hair to form in embryo

51
Q

Fine hair on body, most common type

52
Q

Heavy, dark, coarse, and curly hair

53
Q

Texture of hair that is straight

A

Round follicle

54
Q

Texture of hair that is curly

A

Flat follicle

55
Q

What is caused by melanin levels?

A

Hair color

56
Q

What kind of hair color has high levels of melanin?

57
Q

What color of hair has low levels of melanin?

58
Q

What color of hair lacks melanin?

A

White/grey

59
Q

What color hair does UV lights kill melanin in the follicles?

A

Bleach blonde

60
Q

What are 4 functions of hair?

A
  1. Protect
  2. Insulate
  3. Clean air
  4. Sensory
61
Q

What are smooth muscles that are attached to hairs and make them stand on end?

A

Arrector pili muscles

62
Q

What grows for 2-5 years, 1/2 inch per month, get nutrients from blood

A

Hair production

63
Q

Hair at the end of its life, it gets pushed out by the new incoming hair

64
Q

What kind of glands are usually connected to hair follicles?

A

Sebaceous glands

65
Q

What is the oily secretion from glands?

66
Q

Ducts of oil glands

67
Q

What are sweat glands?

A

Sudoriferous glands

68
Q

What sweat gland has odor and secretes into hair follicles?

69
Q

What sweat gland are more numerous and you have 2-5 million of them?

70
Q

3 functions of sweat glands

A

Cool body temp
Release water and electrolytes
Protect against bacteria and viruses

71
Q

What glands are located in the breasts and release milk?

72
Q

What kinda of glands release wax?

A

Ceruminous

73
Q

Dead, hardened, and tightly packed cells

74
Q

What is the visible part of the nail?

75
Q

What is the front of the nail?

76
Q

What part of the nail where the skin touches the sides of the nail?

A

Nail folds

77
Q

What part of the nail is the end of the finger tip( under the free edge)

78
Q

What part of the nail is non visible back side of the nail?

79
Q

What is the white half moon at the base of the nail?

80
Q

What are the 4 steps to repair your nail?

A

Bleeding
Scab forms
Fibroblasts for new skin tissue
Scab is shed

81
Q

What degree is a burn that affects the epidermis only and causes pain and redness?

82
Q

What degree of a burn goes through the epidermis and dermis and causes pain and blistering?

83
Q

What degree of burn goes through all three layers of skin?

84
Q

What is the redness of the skin?

85
Q

20% burns or more are dangerous do to what 3 things?

A

Fluid loss
Cannot control temp
Bacterial infection

86
Q

What is a wide spread body/ blood infection?

87
Q

4 ways to treat a 3rd degree burn

A

Replace fluids
Give nutrients
Prevent infection
Repair skin with grafts

88
Q

What kinda of graft is an animal graft?

A

Xenografts

89
Q

What kind of graft is a donor?

90
Q

What kind of graft is yourself?

91
Q

What thickness is the epidermis and dermis?

A

Split thickness

92
Q

What thickness is when it gets down to the fat?

A

Full thickness

Anat/Phys (19 decks)

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