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Anat/Phys > Chapter 2-Chemistry > Flashcards

Chapter 2-Chemistry Flashcards

0
Q

Anything that takes up space and has mass

A

Matter

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1
Q

The dust of composition of matter.

A

Chemistry

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2
Q

Basic building block of matter

A

Atoms

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3
Q

The center of the atom, location of all the mass and positive charge.

A

Nucleus

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4
Q

Has mass, positive charge, and located in the nucleus

A

Protons

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5
Q

Has mass, neutral charge, location nucleus

A

Neutron

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6
Q

No mass, negative charge, electron shell

A

Electron

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7
Q

Surround the nucleus and contains the elections

A

Electron shells

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8
Q

of protons

A

Atomic numbers

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9
Q

Groups of similar atoms

A

Elements

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10
Q

Letter of element

A

Chemical symbol

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11
Q

Human body

A

Oxygen 65%, carbon18.6%, hydrogen9.7%, nitrogen3.2%, calcium1.8%, phosphorus 1%

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12
Q

Atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons

A

Isotopes

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13
Q

Atoms weight/atomic mass

-number of protons and neutrons

A

Mass number

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14
Q

High # of neutrons

A

Radioisotopes

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15
Q

Amount one proton or one neutron weighs

A

A.M.U

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16
Q

1 mole=7.023* 10^23

A

Avogadro’s number

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17
Q

Energy Levels:

  • stable
  • reactive (most in human body)-form compound
A

Full

Unfilled

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18
Q

The smallest part of a compound that still acts like that compound

A

Molecules

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19
Q

Force of attractive

A

Chemical bonds

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20
Q

Chemical Bonds:

-bond formed by transferring electrons

A

Ionic

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21
Q

Chemical bond-

Bond that shares electrons

A

Covalent

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22
Q

Chemical bond-

Different elements

A

Polar

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23
Q

Chemical bonds-

Same elements

A

Nonpolor

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24
Q

States of matter-

Definite shape and definite

A

Solid

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25
Q

State of matter definite volume, no definite shape.

A

Liquid

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26
Q

State of matter

No definite shape, no definite volume

A

Gases

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27
Q

Gives off heat, break bonds

A

Exothermic

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28
Q

Takes in energy, makes bonds

A

Endothermic

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29
Q

Decomposition, exothermic, beaks down

A

Catabolism

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30
Q

Combining things to make energy, endothermic

A

Anabolism

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31
Q

AB-> A+B, created heat, breaks bonds

A

Decomposition

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32
Q

A+B-> AB

Making a bond

A

Synthesis

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33
Q

AB+CD->AD+CD

A

Exchange/displacement

34
Q

Cannot destroy or create matter

A

Law of conservation and energy

35
Q

The ability to do work

A

Energy

36
Q

Energy of motion

A

Kinetic energy

37
Q

Stored energy

A

Potential energy

38
Q

Can’t create or destroy energy, only convert it

A

Law of conservation and energy

39
Q

Amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction

A

Activation Energy

40
Q

Proteins that are natural catalyst

A

Enzymes

41
Q

Speed up chemical reactions

A

Catalyst

42
Q

Slow down a chemical reaction

A

Inhibitors

43
Q

No carbon to hydrogen bonds

A

Inorganic compounds

44
Q

Lower acidity or raise pH

A

Buffers

45
Q

Water

A
  1. Solubility
  2. Relativity
  3. High heat capacity
  4. Lubrication
46
Q

Have C-H bonds

A

Organic compounds

Carbs
Lipids
Proteins
nucleic acid

47
Q

Energy

A

Carbs

48
Q

Stored energy, protects

A

Lipids

49
Q

Builds tissues

A

Proteins

50
Q

Dna, rna

A

Nucleic acids

51
Q

Sugars and starches, 1-3% of body mass

A

Carbohydrates

52
Q

Simple sugar, glucose, fructose

A

Monosaccharides

53
Q

Complex sugar, sucrose(table sugar)
Maltose
Lactose

A

Disaccharides-2 monosaccharides

54
Q

Many sugar, starches(cellulose and glycogen)

A

Polysaccharides

55
Q

Plants

A

Cellulose

56
Q

Animal

A

Glycogen

57
Q

Will not dissolve in water

A

Hydrophobic

58
Q

Sugars and salts

A

Hydrophilic

59
Q 
Fats, oils, waxes
Used for structure 
2x the energy as carbohydrates 
(Male-12-18%)
(Female-18-24%)
A

Lipids

60
Q

Energy source

  1. saturated fat
  2. unsaturated fat
A

Fatty acids

61
Q

Single bonds-butter

A

Saturated fats

62
Q

Double bonds-olive oil

A

Unsaturated fats

63
Q

Chemical messengers

A

Eicosanoids

64
Q

“Body fat” -stored fat, stored energy, provides insulation, protection, cushion

A

Glycerides

65
Q

Cholesterol

A

Steroids

66
Q

Cell membranes

A

Phospholipids

67
Q

4 functions of steroids

A

Membrane, sexual function, tissue metabolism, bike salts

68
Q

Basic building block of protein

A

Amino acid

69
Q

20% of body weight

140,000 different ones in the body

A

Proteins

70
Q

Protein major functions

A

1) support-cell walls and membranes
2) movement-contractile fibers
3) transport-through membranes
4) buffering-basic substance
5) metabolic-enzymes
6) coordination and control-hormones
7) defense-antibodies and skin

71
Q

Promote chemical reactions by lowering activation requirements

A

Enzymes

72
Q

Reactants in a reaction

A

Substances

73
Q

Characteristics of enzymes

A

1) specificity
2) saturation limits
3) regulation

74
Q

Certain enzymes will break down certain substances

A

Specificity

75
Q

There’s only so much enzyme to go around

A

Saturation limits

76
Q

Enzymes can be turned on and off

A

Regulation

77
Q

Large proteins that act as enzymes, antibodies, hormones, or form cell parts, creates mucus in our body

A

Glycoproteins

78
Q

Make up egg white that makes synovial fluids

A

Proteoglycans

79
Q

Determine how we turn out

A

Nucleic acids

80
Q

Genetic blue print; double strand

A-T
G-C

A

DNA

81
Q

Controls protein production
A-U
G-C

mRNA-
tRNA-
rRNA-

A

RNA

Messenger: DNA to ribosomes
Transfer:carries amino acids to ribosomes
Ribosomal:puts together proteins

82
Q

Made up of nucleotides part:

A

Sugar
Phosphate
Nitrogen base

Anat/Phys (19 decks)

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