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Anat/Phys > Chapter 4: Tissues > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Tissues Flashcards

0
Q

Study of tissues

A

Histology

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1
Q

Groups of cells that work together

A

Tissues

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2
Q

4 types of tissues:

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Neural

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3
Q

What covers the surface inside and out

A

Epithelial

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4
Q

Secrete waste products and hormones

A

Glandular

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5
Q

Characteristics of epithelial tissue

A

Cellularity (tightly packed cells)
Attachment
Avascular
Regenerative

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6
Q

Functions of epithelial tissue:

A

Protects from impact of friction
Controls what enters and leaves
Provides sensation
Creates secreations

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7
Q

2 regions of epithelial cell:

A

Basolateral-bottom, deep-connects to underling tissues

Apical-surface

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8
Q

Part that is exposed to surface

A

Apical

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9
Q

Structures of epithelia:

A

Microvilli-increased surface area for absorption

Stereocilia-

Ciliated epithilium-

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10
Q

What are the shapes of the epithelia?

A

Squamous-flat
Cuboidal-square
Columnar-rectangular

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11
Q

What are the layers in the epithelia?

A

Simple-secretes and absorbs

Stratified-many layers

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12
Q

Simple squamous-

Stratified squamous-

A

Secretes and absorbs (ex:lung)

Multiple layers of flat cells (Ex:skin)

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13
Q
  • Single layer of square cells (glands,ducts); limited protections, sensation, absorption
  • Protection, many layers (ex:lining of ducts)
  • change in thickness due to stretching (ex:urinary bladder)
A

Simple cuboidal-

Stratified cuboidal-

Transitional cuboidal

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14
Q
  • single layer of rectangular cells secretes and absorbs (ex:lining of small intestines)
  • single layer but looks layered, many different cells mixed together (ex:trachea)
  • protections, multiple layers of abrasion (ex:salivary gland, ducts)
A

Simple columnar

Pseudostatified

Stratified columnar

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15
Q
  • Secretes Hormones to the inside of the body, no glandular ducts.
  • regulate and coordinate body activities.
  • example:pancreas, thyroid gland, pituitary gland, adrinal glands
A

Endocrine

Hormones

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16
Q

Release material to the outside of the body; have ducts.

-ex:sweat gland, oil glands, tear ducts

A

Exocrine

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17
Q

Modes of secretions:

  • no cell damage, release sac/vesicles of material
  • release materials with some cytoplasm; cell survives
  • cell explodes/destroyed when released (ex:hair and skin)
A

Merocrine
Apocrine
Holocrine

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18
Q

Types of secretion:

  • usually enzymes;water secretion
  • thick lubricator
  • watery with lubricator as a combination
A

Serous
Mucous
Mixed

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19
Q

What are the 3 parts all connective tissues have?

A

1) specialized cell
2) fiber
3) ground substance

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20
Q

Functions of connective tissue:

A 
Framework-bones
Transports-blood 
Protects-cartilage, bone, fat
Supports other tissues
Stores energy
Defines against infection
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21
Q

Has a thick ground substance; many different types of cells and fibers
Example:fats, tendons, ligaments

A

Connective tissue proper

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22
Q

Connective tissue proper can be:
A) fibers create loose, open framework (fat)
B) fibers densely packed

A

Loose

Dense

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23
Q

Watery matrix, specific cells;protects and supports;

  • _____~contained in circulatory system
  • ____~contained in the lymphatic system
A

Fluid connective tissue
Blood
Lymph

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24
Q

Support and densely packed fibers

  • ____~solid, rubbery matrix
  • ____~solid, crystalline matrix
A

Supporting connective tissue
Cartilage
Bone

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25
Q

Deep, connects to underlining tissues

A

Basolateral

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26
Q

What are the structures of epithelial cell?

A

Microvilli
Stereocilia
Ciliatated epithilium

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27
Q

Small, increased surface area for absorption

A

Microvilli

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28
Q

Large, picks up vibration in ears

A

Stereocilia

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29
Q

Medium, (cilia), moved stuff on surface of cell

A

Ciliated epithilium

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30
Q

Multiple layers of flat cells, example: skin

A

Stratified squamous

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31
Q

3 parts to connective tissue

A

Cell
Fiber
Grand substance

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32
Q

make the ground substances, most abundant

A

Fibroblasts

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33
Q

destroys damaged cells, or pathogens

  • shows up early
  • signals immune system
A

Macrophages

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34
Q

fat cells cushion and insulate

A

Adipocytes

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35
Q

stem cells, producing new tissue

A

Mesenchymal

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36
Q

causes swelling, release hystomenes and hephran

A

Mast cells

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37
Q

form plasma cells. Defend against disease

A

Lymphocytes

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38
Q

makes antibodies

A

Plasma cells

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39
Q

small eater eats away scar tissue, thick straight, strong. Give strength (collagen)

A

Microphages

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40
Q

Connective tissue fibers:

  • gives strength
  • net like thin, holds structures together
  • thin fibers that branch (split), stretch, bounce back, very flexible
A

Collagen
Reticular fibers
Elastic fibers

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41
Q

Fills the area between the cells and fibers

A

Ground substance

42
Q

Embryonic connective tissue:

-first tissue to form in fetus and adults after injury; only found in embryo

A

Mesenchyme

43
Q

Fills area between organs

A

Loose connective tissues

44
Q

Loose connective tissues:

-separates skin from deeper layers

A

Areolar tissue

45
Q

Loose connective tissue:
-fat cells
• ______harder to burn
• ______burns faster

A

Adipose tissue
White fat
Brown fat

46
Q

Loose connective tissue:

-this stabilizes organs of the body. Sheets of tissue cargo net

A

Reticular tissue

47
Q

Tightly packed

A

Dense connective tissue

48
Q

Tendons, ligaments, mostly collagen goes strong one way

A

Dense regular connective tissue

49
Q

Mostly collagen, no regular pattern, resist forces from other directions

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

50
Q

Sheets of tendon-carries and transports

A

Aponeurosis

51
Q

Fluid connective tissues:

  • transports around the body
  • purify tissue by removing toxins as excess water
A

Blood

lymph

52
Q

Red blood cells; transports

A

Erythrocytes

53
Q

Fights infection; white blood cells

A

Leukocytes

54
Q

Thrombocytes, clotter of blood

55
Q

Liquid portion of blood

56
Q

Give support/bone cartilage

A

Supporting connective tissue

57
Q

Made up of condrocytes ground substance-conjoin

58
Q

Cartilage cell

A

Chondrocytes

59
Q

Outer protective covering

A

Perichondrium

60
Q

A vascular, ground substance

A

Chondroitin sulfate

61
Q

Cartilage growth:

  • new cells inside; old cells outside (knee joint)
  • old cells deep-young outside
A

Interstitial

Appositional

62
Q

Types of cartilage:

A

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage

63
Q

Most common, main jobs: reduce friction, gives support

A

Hyaline cartilage

64
Q

Elastic fibers-very flexible- ear flap

A

Elastic cartilage

65
Q

Toughest of all cartilage-pure collagen fibers, shocks absorbers
-vertebrae

A

Fibrocartilage

66
Q

Osteocytes, outer covering periosteum, blood is getting there vascular

67
Q

Bone cells-solid

A

Osteocytes

68
Q

Rings in bone tissue

69
Q

Caverns/openings in bone cells are found in

70
Q

Connections between bone cells/Lucunae-allows communication

A

Canaliculi

71
Q

Protects outside of bone

A

Periosteum

72
Q

No known cause of cure; immune system; auto antibodies, inflammation; butterfly rash, attacks mostly women, pain in chest, light sensitivity

A

Systemic lupus

73
Q

Bending fingers, thickening of tendons and ligaments of the fingers and Palm, lumps on skin, treatment:enzyme injection

A

Dupentrey contractor

74
Q

Localized scleroderma. Purple, red, hardens, temporary

75
Q

Hyper mobility of the joints. Extremely flexible. Stretchy skin, loose skin and joints, hyper mobility of joints

76
Q

White blood cells attack moisture producing glands, tear ducts, most occur in women, vision loss due to lubrication loss

A

Sjorgen syndrome

77
Q

Tightening of tissue in the lower back vertebrae, affects lower spine, form of arthritis

A

Anklosing spondylitis

78
Q

Little fibrous fatty cysts, growth of fat cells, tense skin

79
Q

Skin hardens gets tight. Auto immune disease, genetics, hormones. Lethal

A

Scleroderma

80
Q

Auto immune disease, immune system attack joints and cause swelling and pain. No cure, deformation

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

81
Q

Muscle disorder, not contagious, commons in adults, swelling of muscle fiber, lost ability to contract pain, occurs in AA more often in adults

A

Polymyositis

82
Q

Overlapped syndrome, all auto immune disorders but one takes over. Sunlight and UV exposer can cause

A

Mixed connective tissue disorder

83
Q

Caused by mutations in collagen gene, in young children

A

Stickler syndrome

84
Q

Loose skin, circulatory and digestive problems, genetic disorder that breaks down the skin

A

Cutis laxa

85
Q

Inflammation of blood vessels, genetic disorder or auto immune disorder causes swelling

A

Vasculitis

86
Q

Line cavities of the body; connected to the outside of the body. Example: mouth, nose, ear

A

Mucous membrane

87
Q

Line cavities of the body; aren’t connected to the outside of the body

A

Serous membrane

88
Q

Parietal

89
Q

Visceral

90
Q

Pleura

91
Q

Pericardium

92
Q

Peritoneum

93
Q

Skin

A

Cutaneous membrane

94
Q

Fluid filled capsules that are found around joints

A

Synovial fluid

95
Q

Disorder where 2 membranes fuse together due to friction

96
Q

Surrounds organs and muscle; supportive tissue

97
Q

Hypodermis, separates skin from deeper tissue mainly fat

A

Superficial fasciae

98
Q

Surrounds muscle tissue, becomes tendons and ligaments

A

Deep fasciae

99
Q

Found between serous membranes and deep fasciae

100
Q

Voluntary, striated, repairs itself, big cells, more than one nuclei

A

Skeletal (muscle tissue)

101
Q

Non-voluntary, not repairable, small cell, single nuclei

A

Cardiac muscle tissue

102
Q

Involuntary, not striated, small cells

A

Smooth muscle tissue

Anat/Phys (19 decks)

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