Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Unit 1 > Integrating Autonomic & Volitional Control (9/20b) [Biomedical Sciences 1] > Flashcards

Integrating Autonomic & Volitional Control (9/20b) [Biomedical Sciences 1] Flashcards

1
Q

What does the BP tell you?

A

Tells you the pressure in your arteries when the heart is relaxing/contracting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does systolic BP tell you?

A

tells you about contractility of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does diastolic BP tell you?

A

tells you how much pressure the blood applies against the walls of the arteries and how much peripheral resistance is in the arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the HR tell you?

A

It tells you how fast the heart is pumping blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is BP and HR controlled?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do we move?

A

Nervous system - brain coordinates the systems

Musculoskeletal (somatic)- muscles to do the work

Cardiorespiratory (autonomic)- lungs to supply oxygen

Metabolic (autonomic) - energy to do the movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Parts of the CNS

A 
Forebrain
Midbrain
Brain Stem
Hindbrain
Spinal cord
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Parts of the Forebrain

A

Cerebral cortex + white matter

Basal ganglia

Diencephalon (thalamus + hypothalamus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Parts of the Brain Stem

A

Midbrain

Pons

Medulla oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Parts of the Hindbrain

A

Brain stem

Cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Parts of the Spinal Cord

A

Cervical

Thoracic

Lumbar

Sacral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

A

part of the CNS

communicates with internal organs and glands

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic divisions (and enteric NS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sympathetic vs Parasympathetic Nervous Systems

A

Sympathetic (SyNS)- arousing, fight or flight, uses energy

Parasympathetic (PsNS)- calming, rest and digest, conserves energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sympathetic ganglia

A

lie close to the spinal column and supply virtually every tissue in the body

some tissues (EX: skeletal muscle) are regulated only indirectly through their arterial blood supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Parasympathetic ganglia

A

found in close approximation with their targets, which don’t include skin or skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Basic organization of SyNS

A

Preganglionic Neurons = spinal cord: T1-L2/L3, mostly from lateral horn gray matter → thoracolumbar outflow

Synapse in pre/paravertebral chain of ganglia (sympathetic)

Organ

17
Q

Basic organization of PsNS

A

Preganglionic Neurons = brainstem nuclei (CNs 3, 7, 9, 10), spinal cord S2-S4 → craniosacral outflow

Synapse on parasympathetic ganglia

Organ

18
Q

Circuitry - Somatic Motor System (volitional)

A

somatic motor neuron in the spinal cord, axons leave the ventral route and innervate skeletal muscle

19
Q

Circuitry - Autonomic Motor System

A

preganglionic neuron in spinal cord, synapses on autonomic ganglion, axons of postganglionic neuron supply the organ

20
Q

Ganglia controlled by preganglionic nerves

A

Preganglionic nerve cell bodies located in spinal cord and brainstem
- Release Acetylcholine (Ach) onto postganglionic nerves in ganglia

Axons of the ganglionic cells produce effects on the end organs (postganglionic nerves)

21
Q

SyNS: Paravertebral sympathetic ganglia (trunk/chain)

A

Paravertebral = next to each other

  • Bilateral chains (cervical to sacral)
  • Found on both sides of spinal cord

Host postganglionic neurons

GANGLIONS:

  • Superior Cervical Ganglion
  • Middle Cervical Ganglion
  • 3 Inferior Cervical Ganglia (Stellate – fused inferior cervical and first thoracic)
  • 11 Thoracic
  • 4 Lumbar
  • 4 or 5 Sacral
22
Q

SyNS: Prevertebral (collateral) sympathetic ganglia

A

Midline, anterior to spinal cord, near arteries of same names

  • Celiac ganglion
  • Superior mesenteric ganglion
  • Inferior mesenteric ganglion
23
Q

Basic trajectory of 1st preganglionic neuron within sympathetic trunk

A

Preganglionic nerve →
ventral root →
rami communicans →
postganglionic nerve in paravertebral or prevertebral ganglia

24
Q

3 route options in sympathetic trunk

A

Option 1: Leaves ventral (anterior nerve) route of spinal cord (efferent), goes to the same level of paravertebral ganglion, synapses at postganglionic neuron

Option 2: Leaves ventral route, goes up or down paravertebral chain, then synapses at a different level postganglionic neuron

Option 3: Leaves ventral route, goes up/down paravertebral chain and supplies the preganglionic ganglion

25
Q

Parasympathetic ganglia

A

PNS Ganglia located close to target organs (separated unlike those in the SNS)

75% of PNS fibers via CN X (vagus nerve)

GANGLIA

  • Ciliary ganglion
  • Pterygopalatine ganglion
  • Submaxillary (submandibular) ganglion
  • Otic Ganglion
  • Multiple organ specific ganglia for thoracoabdominal and pelvic viscera
26
Q

Central Autonomic Network

A

Higher up control

Get afferent info from periphery, process it, produces sympathetic or parasympathetic response

Afferent and efferent pathways

27
Q

Main goal of hypothalamus

A

integrating autonomic, behavioral (somatic) and neuroendocrine responses to maintain homeostasis

28
Q

6 Roles of Hypothalamus (5 F’s and 1 S)

A
  • Food metabolism
  • Furnace (body temp)
  • Fight response
  • Flight response
  • F*ck (sexual/parental behavior)
  • Sleep/wake cycles
29
Q

ANS Neurotransmitters

A

chemical messengers that are released by an axon and placed on a neuron to transmit a response

COMMON:

  • Norepinephrine (NE)
  • Epinephrine (E)
  • Acetylcholine (Ach)

OTHERS:

  • Serotonin (5-HT), Dopamine, Histamine
  • Adenosine, ATP, Substance P
  • Nitric Oxide, Neuropeptide Y, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide
30
Q

Autonomic receptors and NT effects

A

2 groups of cholinergic (Ach)

  • Nicotinic: autonomic ganglia
  • Muscarinic: heart, smooth muscle, glands

Adrenergic (NE/Epi) –

  • Alpha 1: Smooth muscle
  • Beta 1: Heart
31
Q

SyNS receptors/NT

A

Preganglionic neuron → postganglionic neuron → organ

ACh (nicotinic) → ACh (muscarinic) at sweat glands/blood vessels

ACh (nicotinic) → NE (adregenic) at heart/blood vessels

ACh (nicotinic) → E (adregenic) at heart/blood vessels

32
Q

PsNS receptors/NT

A

Preganglionic neuron → postganglionic neuron → organ

ACh (nicotinic) → ACh (muscarinic) at glands/smooth muscle/heart

33
Q

Homeostasis - Overview

A

Maintenance of an internal balance by adjusting physiological processes

Hypothalamus plays critical role

Usually feedback loop, some situations can involve feedforward control (EX: an athlete’s body may begin to prepare for exercise by increasing HR, RR, etc.)

34
Q

Homeostasis - Steps

A

Stimulus → produces change in variable

Change detected by receptor

Input → info sent along afferent pathway to control center

Output → info sent along efferent pathway to effector

Response of effector feeds back to influence magnitude of stimulus and returns variable to homeostasis

35
Q

Autonomic Reflexes to Maintain Homeostasis - Examples

A

Baroreceptor (negative feedback)

micturition (bladder)

pupillary

peristalsis

respiratory

36
Q

Reflex Arc

A

Autonomic reflexes parallel organization of somatic reflexes

Involves

  • Sensory Receptor
  • Afferent Nerve Fiber
  • Synapse(s) Efferent Nerve Fiber
  • Effectors

Can be simple OR more complex

37
Q

Simple vs Complex Reflexes

A

In ANS, not many simple reflexes → most are more complex

SIMPLE
EX somatic reflex: simple stretch reflex

COMPLEX 
Afferent pathways (input) → integration/processing → efferent pathways (output) → loops back to afferent pathways
38
Q

Sensory Receptors

A

Mechanoreceptors
- EX: baroreceptor, lungs, bladder

Chemoreceptors
- EX: hypothalamus, stomach

Nociceptors
- EX: throughout viscera, arterial walls

Thermoreceptors
- EX: hypothalamus, cutaneous

39
Q

Examples of ANS Dysfunction

A

Stress
Anxiety
Hypertension
Orthostatic hypotension

Unit 1 (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions