CDM Intervention Effects (9/19a) [Integrative Care]

Question 1

Intervention effects - Within group

Answer 1

change measured within a group

pre-intervention measures compared to post intervention measures

Question 2

Intervention effects - Between groups

Answer 2

Comparing the changes measured in each of the intervention groups

Compare within group differences between control group and intervention group

Compare within group differences between groups receiving different interventions

Question 3

Effect size

Answer 3

magnitude of the differences between groups

Question 4

Absolute effect/Absolute mean difference (AMD)

Answer 4

within group difference; between group difference

used to measure effect; can easily use and apply clinically

reported with units

compare with established MDC and MCID

Question 5

Standardized effect/Standardized mean difference (SMD)

Answer 5

used to compare magnitude of change across different outcome measures (measures effect size)

no units

doesn’t directly relate to clinically meaningful change

calculated by AMD/pooled SD

Question 6

Interpreting SMD

Answer 6

0. 20 minimal effect
1. 50 moderate effect
2. 80 large effect

Question 7

Statistical Approach

Answer 7

report p values (usually <0.05)

useful in doing research

Question 8

Effect Size Approach

Answer 8

give mean changes and confidence interval

useful in using the research (EX: presenting research)

Question 9

If you want to know what effect should the patient expect, use…

Answer 9

within group, absolute effect

Question 10

If you want to know is the intervention more effective than another, use…

Answer 10

between groups, absolute OR standardized effect

Question 11

If you want to know how confident should I be in the effects, use…

Answer 11

between OR within groups, absolute OR standardized effect

Question 12

If you want to compare effects across studies using different outcomes, use…

Answer 12

within group, standardized effect

Question 13

Calculations - Confidence Interval (CI)

Answer 13

CI= Effect ± z𝛼 * SEmean

Using:

• The variability of the sample (SD)
• Sample size (n)
• How confident you want to be

Question 14

Calculations - Standard Error of the Effect (SEmean)

Answer 14

StdError= stdev/√n

Using:

• Standard deviation (stdev)
• Sample size (n)

Question 15

The larger the standard deviation, the ___ the confidence interval

Answer 15

larger

Question 16

The larger the sample size, the ___ the confidence interval

Answer 16

smaller

Question 17

The larger the z score, the ___ the confidence interval

Answer 17

larger

Question 18

How confident do I want to be? → z𝛼

Answer 18

Alpha (a), How confident?
68%, z = 1
95%, z = 1.96 ≈ 2
99%, z = 2.58

Question 19

Weighted mean difference

Answer 19

Some data points or studies may get weighted more heavily for quality based on larger sample size, etc.

Displayed with a larger mean data point, a colored box around the mean, etc