Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathophysiology > Innate immunity > Flashcards

Innate immunity Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the First line of defense?

A
  1. 1st line= Anatomical physical, mechanical, and chemical barriers.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the main physical barriers of the 1st line?

A
  • Skin
  • Cilia
  • Linings of tracts
  • Vomiting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Chemical barriers of the 1st line include:

A
  • Lysozymes
  • Stomach acid
  • saliva
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does the normal microbiome act as protection?

A

Prevents the growth of pathogenic microorganisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How can the normal microbiome be disrupted?

What occurs?

A

Prolonged antibiotics wipe out normal microbiome.

Opportunistic organisms (like pseudomonas/clostridium) take over

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the 2nd line of defense of the immune system?

  • Where does it occur?
A

Nonspecific, first immune response to vascular injury= inflammation

  • Occurs in bloodstream
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the manifestations of inflammation?

A
  • Redness
  • Heat
  • Swelling
  • Pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the goals of inflammation?

A
  • Prevent/limit further infection and damage
  • Initiate adaptive immune response
  • Initiate healing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the vascular responses (steps) during inflammation?

A
  1. Vessels dilate
  2. Increases permeability and causes fluid leakage
  3. Edema occurs
  4. WBCs enter into tissues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the complement system?

When is it activated?

A

Inactive proteins that activate when antibodies and antigens come together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do complement protens produce when activated?

A
  1. Opsonins
  2. Chemotactic factors
  3. Anaphylatoxins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do these substances do:

  1. Opsonins
  2. Chemotactic factors
A
  • Opsonins= Coat pathogens making them easier to be phagocytosed by neutrophils and macrophages.
  • Chemotactic factors: Attract neutrophils and macrophages
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the three plasma protein systems?

A
  1. Complement system
  2. Coagulation system
  3. Kinin system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the coagulation system do?

A

Forms fibrinous network (made of fibrin) at injured site (clots)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the goals of the coagulation system?

A
  1. Prevent spread of infection
  2. Confine foreign bodies
  3. Form clots to stop bleeding
  4. Allow repair and healing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the kinin system do?

A

Produces bradykinin that causes dilation of blood vessels.

(this compresses nerves and causes pain)

17
Q

What do these leukocytes do:

  • Eosinophils
  • Basophils
A

Eosinophils= Destroy parasites and allergies. Degrade substances released by mast cells.

Basophils= produce histamine

  • causes vasoconstriction of BV and dilation of capillaries
18
Q

What do these leukocytes do:

  • Neutrophils
  • Monocytes:
A
  • Neutrophils: First to arrive at infections. Initial phagocytose
  • Monocytes: Mature into macrophages after leaving red bone marrow.
19
Q

What are the four types of cytokines?

A
  1. Chemokines
  2. Interleukins
  3. Tumor necrosis factor
  4. Interferons
20
Q

What do these proteins do:

  • Chemokines
  • Inteferons
A
  • Chemokines: Signal and attract WBCs
  • Interferons: Destroy virally infected cells and warn neighboring cells
21
Q

What do these types of interleukins do:

  1. IL-1
  2. IL-10
A
  • IL-1= Endogenous pyrogen that causes fever
  • IL-10= An anti-inflammatory
22
Q

What does IL-6 (interleukin) do?

A

Causes liver to make substances that cause inflammation.

Helps with wound healing

23
Q

What do mast cells do?

A

Release:

  1. Histamine
  2. Cytokines
  3. Leukotrienes
  4. Prostaglandins
24
Q

What do these substances cause:

  • Leukotrienes
  • Prostaglandins
A
  • Leukotrienes: Similar effects to histamine, but last longer
  • Prostaglandins: Cause pain
25
Q

What are H1 and H2 receptors:

A

Histamine receptors:

  • H1: found in smooth muscle of bronchi; causes inflammation
  • H2: In parietal cells of stomach; anti-inflammatory
26
Q

What is chemotaxis?

A

Directional movement of cells formed by chemotactic factor

Pathophysiology (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions