Hormone Flashcards
How does the parathyroid gland react to serum calcium?
Low serum calcium= Secretes parathyroid hormone
High serum calcium= decreases parathyroid hormone
What are negative feedback loops?
A body process that results in the opposite of the stimulus.
(low BP causes body to try and raise BP)
Diseases of the pituitary gland include:
- SIADH
- Diabetes insipidus
What does SIADH cause?
How does this cause symptoms?
Water intoxication
- The body makes too much ADH
- retains too much water
- concentrated urine
Result from hyponatremia (diluted blood)
What are the symptoms of SIADH?
Neurological problems (sodium)
Fatigue, lethargy, seizures
When are the treatments of SIADH?
Increase sodium (NOT too fast)
Vasopression antagonist (synthetic ADH)
What causes diabetes insipidus?
Not enough ADH; release very dilute urine
What is serum osmalality
How does ADH affect this?
Measure of concentration of solutes in plasma;
ADH decreases serum osmolality
What are manifestations of Diabetes insipidus?
- Polyuria
- Low specific gravity
- Polydipsia (excessive thirst)
Does water restriction treat diabetes insipidus?
No; urine will still be produced
hypernatremia will result
How do urine deprivation test for diabetes insipidus?
Water intake is withheld;
DI patient cannot increase specific gravity/osmolality
What causes acromegaly and giantism?
- Giantism is hypersecretion of growth hormone in children
- Acromegaly is hypersecretion of growth hormone in adults
What are the manifestations of acromegaly and giantism?
Acromegaly: Enlargement of bones of face, hands etc..
Giantism: Increased growth
What does growth hormone do?
- Increase protein synthesis
- Increase glucose level in blood
What negative feedback loop controls the thyroid?
Thyroid Stimulating hormone release based on T3 and T4 hormones
- When T3/T4 too low, TSH release increases; increases T3/T4
What are primary dysfunctions of the thyroid gland?
- Secondary dysfunctions?
Primary: Disease of gland itself
Secondary: Problem with pituitary/hypothalamus
What is subclinical thyroid disease?
No symptoms but abnormal labs
What mineral is essential for thyroid function?
Where do they get it?
Iodine
Iodide recieved from diet; converted to iodine
What are the lab values of hypothyroidism/hyperthyroidism?
Hypothyroidism: Low T4/T3 levels; high TSH level
Hyperthyroidism: High T4/T3 levles; low TSH levels
What is Grave’s disease?
Autoimmune problem that produces thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins;
Hyperthyroidisim
What does graves disease manifest as?
- Opthalmopathy (eyes appear large)
- Pretibial myxedema
What do these terms mean:
- Crenitism
- Myxedema
Cretinism: Low thyroid at birth
Myxedema; extreme hypothyroidism
What are manifestations of hypothyroidism?
Decreased energy
Cold intolerance
Myxedema coma
What is myxedema coma?
Severe emergency caused by hypothyroidism:
Hypothermia
Hypoventilation
What is hashimoto disease?
Body makes autoantibodies that attack thyroid gland;
Progressive hypothyroidism
What is the most common cause of thyroid cancer?
What is the common treatment?
Ionizing radiation;
Thyroidectomy
