Fluids pt. 2 Flashcards
When does third space fluid shift occur?
Why?
When there’s low blood protein (albumin) in BV.
Albumin maintains osmotic pressure; fluid leaks from intravascular to interstitial
Third space fluid shift causes what condition:
What is the main treatment?
Edema
Hypertonic fluid (albumin) pulls fluid back to intravascular space
What are the symptoms of Third-spacing?
Same as hypovolemia
- Thirst
- low BP and urine
- High HR
What is the normal lab value for:
- Sodium
- Potassium
- Calcium
- Sodium= 135-145
- Potassium= 3.5-5
- Calcium= 8.5-10.5
Low and high serum levels of sodium are called:
low: Hyponatremia
high: Hypernatremia
High/low serum levels of potassium are called:
High: Hyperkalemia
low: Hypokalemia
High/low levels of serum calcium are called:
High: Hypercalcemia
Low: Hypocalcemia
Hyponatremia caused by:
Manifests as:
causes: Water intoxication, adrenal insufficiency
Manifests: Skin turgor tenting, decreased BP, neurological problems
Hypernatremia caused by:
manifests as:
causes: water loss, diabetes insipidus, heat stroke
Manifests: thirst, high temp, swollen tongue
Hypokalemia caused by:
Manifests as:
causes: blood alkalosis, GI losses
Manifests: Fatigue, muscle weakness, cardiac problems
Flat ECG T wave
Hyperkalemia causes:
Manifestation:
Causes: usually treatment related, acidosis
Manifests: Cardiac changes, Peaked ECG T wave
What should nurses be aware of with patients with renal failure?
Potassium-sparing diuretics can cause elevation of K
Do NOT use
Hypocalcemia causes:
Manifests as:
Causes: hypoparathyroidism
Manifestions: Circumoral numbness
What is Chvostek’s signs for calcemia?
Tap in front of ear:
If facial muscle contract= low calcium
What are Trousseau’s sign for calcemia?
Patient’s thumb and index finger draw together when BP cuff is inflated above systolic pressure = low calcium
