Adaptive Immunity Flashcards
The third line of defense is _______ and includes these cells/items:
Adaptive:
Lymphocytes and antibodies
What are the two types of lymphocytes?
- Where are they made/mature?
1) T-cells
* Made in bone marrow; mature in thymus
2) B cells
* Made in bone marrow; mature in bone marrow
What activates B and T cells?
B cells
activated directly by antigen
T cells
Activated by antigen presenting cell
Upon activation, what do B cells do?
Differentiate into
- plasma cells
- B memory cells
What do plasma cells do?
Release antibodies
What is the humoral immune response?
Based on B-cells and antibodies in the body fluids (humoral)
What is the cell mediated immune response?
T cells
What are antigens?
Any material that binds to antibody receptors and causes B cells to produce antibodies
What is the epitope?
The part of the antigen that attaches to the antibody
What are the differences in immunogens and antigens?
Immunogens elicit an immune response
Antigens elicit immune response and bind to antibodies
What are haptens?
Antigen parts that are too small to elicit immune response
What are the main functions of antibodies?
Protect against infections
What are monoclonal antibodies?
Example?
Use of “best” substitue antibody for testing and therapy.
- Pregnancy test
What are immune titers?
Blood test that determines amount of antibodies in blood:
Lowest amount of diluted blood that can still cause agglutination of antigen
What are the three direct methods that antibodies employ?
- Neutralization
- Agglutination
- Precipitation
What does neutralization do?
Antibody binds to pathogen to prevent binding and infection
What does agglutination do?
Antibodies clump antigens together: easier to phagocytose
What is antibody precipitation?
Antigen and antibody bind to form insoluble complex: the precipitate
What is the purpose of IgG antibodies?
Accounts for most of protective activity against infections
What is the purpose of IgA antibodies?
Found in tears, sweat, saliva, mucus:
Prevents microbes from entering these areas
What is the purpose of IgM antibodies?
First antibody produced during the primary response
“morning”
What is the purpose of IgE antibodies?
Protect against parasites and severe allergic reactions
What is clonal diversity?
What results?
Production of B and T cells before birth:
Immunocompetent cells that will react with any antigen
What is clonal selection?
Antigen elicits specific immune response:
Formation of memory cells
