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Pathophysiology > Adaptive Immunity > Flashcards

Adaptive Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

The third line of defense is _______ and includes these cells/items:

A

Adaptive:

Lymphocytes and antibodies

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2
Q

What are the two types of lymphocytes?

  • Where are they made/mature?
A

1) T-cells
* Made in bone marrow; mature in thymus
2) B cells
* Made in bone marrow; mature in bone marrow

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3
Q

What activates B and T cells?

A

B cells

activated directly by antigen

T cells

Activated by antigen presenting cell

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4
Q

Upon activation, what do B cells do?

A

Differentiate into

  1. plasma cells
  2. B memory cells
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5
Q

What do plasma cells do?

A

Release antibodies

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6
Q

What is the humoral immune response?

A

Based on B-cells and antibodies in the body fluids (humoral)

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7
Q

What is the cell mediated immune response?

A

T cells

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8
Q

What are antigens?

A

Any material that binds to antibody receptors and causes B cells to produce antibodies

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9
Q

What is the epitope?

A

The part of the antigen that attaches to the antibody

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10
Q

What are the differences in immunogens and antigens?

A

Immunogens elicit an immune response

Antigens elicit immune response and bind to antibodies

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11
Q

What are haptens?

A

Antigen parts that are too small to elicit immune response

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12
Q

What are the main functions of antibodies?

A

Protect against infections

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13
Q

What are monoclonal antibodies?

Example?

A

Use of “best” substitue antibody for testing and therapy.

  • Pregnancy test
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14
Q

What are immune titers?

A

Blood test that determines amount of antibodies in blood:

Lowest amount of diluted blood that can still cause agglutination of antigen

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15
Q

What are the three direct methods that antibodies employ?

A
  1. Neutralization
  2. Agglutination
  3. Precipitation
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16
Q

What does neutralization do?

A

Antibody binds to pathogen to prevent binding and infection

17
Q

What does agglutination do?

A

Antibodies clump antigens together: easier to phagocytose

18
Q

What is antibody precipitation?

A

Antigen and antibody bind to form insoluble complex: the precipitate

19
Q

What is the purpose of IgG antibodies?

A

Accounts for most of protective activity against infections

20
Q

What is the purpose of IgA antibodies?

A

Found in tears, sweat, saliva, mucus:

Prevents microbes from entering these areas

21
Q

What is the purpose of IgM antibodies?

A

First antibody produced during the primary response

“morning”

22
Q

What is the purpose of IgE antibodies?

A

Protect against parasites and severe allergic reactions

23
Q

What is clonal diversity?

What results?

A

Production of B and T cells before birth:

Immunocompetent cells that will react with any antigen

24
Q

What is clonal selection?

A

Antigen elicits specific immune response:

Formation of memory cells

25
Q
A

Pathophysiology (16 decks)

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