Innate Immunity

Question 1

External Barriers

Answer 1

Structural, Mechanical, Microbial, and Biochemical

Question 2

Intracellular/Biological Defences

Answer 2

Interferon, Phagocytosis, Inflammation, Complements, and Fever

Question 3

Interferon

Answer 3

Small peptides produced by virus infected cells

• alpha/beta result in the release of antiviral agents from other cells
• gamma - calls phagocytes and immune response

Question 4

Phagocytes

Answer 4

Engulf foreign bodies and digest them in the lysosome
- neutrophils/eosinophils (blood), dendrites (GI), macrophages/monocytes (deep tissue/organs), eniphils (secrete toxins to parasites), and NK cells (recognize viruses and destroy them with enzymes)

Question 5

Inflammation

Answer 5

Rapid response to tissue damage that attracts phagocytes and initiates healing

Question 6

Histamine

Answer 6

Part of the inflammation response

- causes vasodilation, edema via increased permeability, and increases nerve sensitivity to cause pain

Question 7

Prostoglandin

Answer 7

Part of the inflammation response

- causes vasodilation, fever, increases pain sensitivity, and attracts phagocytes

Question 8

Complement Proteins

Answer 8

Part of the inflammation response

- stimulate histamine release and enhance phagocytic cells action

Question 9

Acute Inflammation

Answer 9

Lasts less than two weeks, and is the immediate response to an injury/microbial presence by neutrophils, proteins, and fluid presence

Question 10

Chronic Inflammation

Answer 10

A long lasting abnormal response due to macrophage/monocyte continuously attacking tissue leading to fibrous tissue formation

Question 11

Complement

Answer 11

A family of proteins found in blood serum that compliment antibodies

Question 12

Phagocytosis Opsonization

Answer 12

Complement proteins that bind to the cell surface and flag them for engulfment

Question 13

Membrane Attack Complexes

Answer 13

Complement proteins insert themselves into bacterial membranes causing cytoplasmic leakage

Question 14

Inflammation/Immune Response by Complement Proteins

Answer 14

Cause vasodilation, remove antibody/antigen complexes from circulation

Question 15

Fever

Answer 15

Result of hypothalmus producing prostoglandins
- inhibits growth, increases metabolic activity of phagocytes, decreases nutrient availability, and stimulates immune processes

Question 16

External Pyrogens

Answer 16

compounds such as LPS which stimulate prostoglandin release

Question 17

Internal Pyrogens

Answer 17

Chemicals released by phagocytes