Innate Immunity Flashcards
what ar4e mechanical factors
skin barrier
saliva
urine
what does saliva do
wash and dilute
what does urine do
flushes genitourinary tract
what are chemical factors`
sebum
perspiration
gastric juice
what does sebum do
reduce ph
what is foud in sweat
lysozyme- breaks down peptidoglycan
what is ph of gastric jouce
1.2-3.0
what is phagocytosis
ingestion of foreign particles
what are phagocytes
types of wbcs or derivatives of also called leukoctyes
what is the first line of defense
mechanical factors
chemical factors
what is the 2nd line of defense
phagocytosis
leukoctyes
neutrophils
esoinophils
monocytes
macrophages
lymphoctyes
what are leukocytes
wbcs
what do neutrophils do
recognize general signals
send out chemicals in immune system
degranulation and phagocytosis
cause of pus- 1st to reach infection
most abundant wbc
what are eosinophils
deal w/ parasites
release of cytokines
what are monocytes
with signals become macropahges
what are macrophages
garbage man of immune system
direct immune response
engulfs or phagocytes bacteria, foreign particles, dead cells
what are lymphocytes
b cells and t cells
what is the mechanism of phagocytosis
infection initiated
neutrophils followed by macrophages to site
chemotaxis (attraction)
adherence
ingestion
digestion- proteases, lipases, nucleases
elimination
what is the compliment system
antibodies react w/ antigens
proteins made by liver
serum proteins produced in cascade effect
each protein enhances one another
punch holes in bacterial membranes or opsonization (targets for destruction)
what are interferons
innate non-specific against viruses
proteins released by host infected cells
inhibit viruses by binding to other host cell receptors
trigger inflammation
what does inflammation damage to body’s tissues initiates
microbial infeciton
physical agents
chemical agents
function of inflammation
vasodilation, more blood, more wbcs (histamine)
vasodilation also causes access to tissues
swelling from leakage causing pain, brings fibrinogen ( clotting) to area to wall off infection (prostaglandin and leukotrines)
tissue repair is last step. sometimes loss of fx
what happens with fever
pyrogens such as IL-1 cause the hypothalamic thermostat to set to high level
vasoconstriction occurs to raise temp
high temp inhibits microbial growth and increase efficiency of phagocytes, tissue repair, specific immune cell responses and interferons
