Innate Immunity

Question 1

what ar4e mechanical factors

Answer 1

skin barrier
saliva
urine

Question 2

what does saliva do

Answer 2

wash and dilute

Question 3

what does urine do

Answer 3

flushes genitourinary tract

Question 4

what are chemical factors`

Answer 4

sebum
perspiration
gastric juice

Question 5

what does sebum do

Answer 5

reduce ph

Question 6

what is foud in sweat

Answer 6

lysozyme- breaks down peptidoglycan

Question 7

what is ph of gastric jouce

Answer 7

1.2-3.0

Question 8

what is phagocytosis

Answer 8

ingestion of foreign particles

Question 9

what are phagocytes

Answer 9

types of wbcs or derivatives of also called leukoctyes

Question 10

what is the first line of defense

Answer 10

mechanical factors
chemical factors

Question 11

what is the 2nd line of defense

Answer 11

phagocytosis
leukoctyes
neutrophils
esoinophils
monocytes
macrophages
lymphoctyes

Question 12

what are leukocytes

Answer 12

wbcs

Question 13

what do neutrophils do

Answer 13

recognize general signals
send out chemicals in immune system
degranulation and phagocytosis
cause of pus- 1st to reach infection
most abundant wbc

Question 14

what are eosinophils

Answer 14

deal w/ parasites
release of cytokines

Question 15

what are monocytes

Answer 15

with signals become macropahges

Question 16

what are macrophages

Answer 16

garbage man of immune system
direct immune response
engulfs or phagocytes bacteria, foreign particles, dead cells

Question 17

what are lymphocytes

Answer 17

b cells and t cells

Question 18

what is the mechanism of phagocytosis

Answer 18

infection initiated
neutrophils followed by macrophages to site
chemotaxis (attraction)
adherence
ingestion
digestion- proteases, lipases, nucleases
elimination

Question 19

what is the compliment system

Answer 19

antibodies react w/ antigens
proteins made by liver
serum proteins produced in cascade effect
each protein enhances one another
punch holes in bacterial membranes or opsonization (targets for destruction)

Question 20

what are interferons

Answer 20

innate non-specific against viruses
proteins released by host infected cells
inhibit viruses by binding to other host cell receptors
trigger inflammation

Question 21

what does inflammation damage to body’s tissues initiates

Answer 21

microbial infeciton
physical agents
chemical agents

Question 22

function of inflammation

Answer 22

vasodilation, more blood, more wbcs (histamine)
vasodilation also causes access to tissues
swelling from leakage causing pain, brings fibrinogen ( clotting) to area to wall off infection (prostaglandin and leukotrines)
tissue repair is last step. sometimes loss of fx

Question 23

what happens with fever

Answer 23

pyrogens such as IL-1 cause the hypothalamic thermostat to set to high level
vasoconstriction occurs to raise temp
high temp inhibits microbial growth and increase efficiency of phagocytes, tissue repair, specific immune cell responses and interferons