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BIO 185 > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is organic chemistry

A

carbon containing compounds

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2
Q

what is biochemistry

A

living systems
metabolism

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3
Q

how many electrons in first shell

A

2

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4
Q

how many electrons in 2nd shell

A

8

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5
Q

how many electrons in 3rd shell

A

8

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6
Q

how many electrons in 4th shell

A

18

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7
Q

what are valence electrons

A

combining capacity of outermost shell

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8
Q

what are chemical reactions

A

combination to fill outermost shell-valence electrons

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9
Q

what determines an element

A

proton

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10
Q

what is an isotope

A

elements with same number of protons and electrons
different number of neutrons

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11
Q

what is an ion

A

elements with same number of protons and neutrons
different number of electrons

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12
Q

protons-electrons=

A

charge of atom

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13
Q

what determines atomic weight

A

neutron

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14
Q

what are molecules

A

combination of atoms held together by bonds

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15
Q

what are ionic bonds

A

electrostatic attraction of cation and anion
electrons transferred
weakish electrostatic attraction

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16
Q

what are covalent bonds

A

strong attraction
electrons shared
saring of one or more pairs of electrons
common in living organisms
long chain compounds
takes energy to rip apart

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17
Q

what are hydrogen bonds

A

weakest bond
electrostatic attraction of polar molecules
temporary binding in proteins and nucleic acids
not much energy required to break bonds

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18
Q

what is a polar molecule

A

slightcharge at each end

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19
Q

how many bonds per molecule for hydrogen bonding

A

4

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20
Q

what is the Collison theory

A

velocity of particles
orientation

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21
Q

what is activation energy

A

heat
pressure
enzymes

22
Q

what are acids dissociated into

A

hydrogen ions

23
Q

what are bases dissociated into

A

hydroxide ions

24
Q

what are salts dissociated into

A

anions and cations other than hydrogen and hydroxide

25
Q

what are buffers

A

substances which accept hydrogen and hydroxide ions

26
Q

how many valence electrons does carbon have

A

4

27
Q

what are the types of carbon bonds

A

single
double
triple
cyclic compounds

28
Q

what are carbs made of

A

carbon
hydrogen
o2

29
Q

how many carbons in a monosaccharide

A

3-7

30
Q

what are disaccharides

A

2 monosaccharides

31
Q

what is the bond that joins carbs

A

glycosidic bond

32
Q

what are polysaccharides

A

tens to hundreds of monosaccharides
glycosidic bond

33
Q

what are examples of polysaccharides

A

cellulose
glycogen
startch
peptidoglycan

34
Q

what is the storage of glucose for plants

A

startch

35
Q

what are lipids made of

A

carbon
hydrogen
o2

36
Q

what are some properties of lipids

A

non-polar hydrophobic
structure of cell membranes

37
Q

wat are simple lipids

A

glycerol + fatty acids

38
Q

what are complex lipids

A

glycerol + 2 fatty acids + phosphate group

39
Q

what is LPS

A

lipopolysaccharide- can cause fever and septic shock

40
Q

what are proteins made of

A

carbon
hydrogen
o2
nitrogen
some sulfur

41
Q

how many amino acids

A

21

42
Q

what is the bond for amino aicds

A

peptide bond

43
Q

what is the primary protein structure

A

unique sequence of amino acids

44
Q

what is the secondary structure of ptoetins

A

localized twisting or folding ofchains
alpha helix and beta sheet

45
Q

what is the tertiary structure of ptoetins

A

overall 3D structure

46
Q

what is the quaternary structure of protiens

A

combination of 2 or more polypeptide chains

47
Q

what are some charactertistics of DNA

A

stores genetic info
double stranded
phosphodiester bond
dexoyribose
thymine, cytosine, adenine, and guanine

48
Q

what is a phosphodiester bond

A

covalent bond that holds dna together

49
Q

what is the sugar backbone of DNA

A

dexoyribose

50
Q

what are the characteristics of RNA

A

single strnaded
ribose
uracil replaces thymine

BIO 185 (19 decks)

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