Injury prevention and the rehabilitation of injury (2.1) Flashcards
What is an acute injury?
Something that happens at a specific moment in time e.g. Fracture
What is a chronic injury?
Something that happens over a period of time with continuous stress being placed on a joint or muscle e.g. Tennis elbow
What is a hard tissue injury?
Involves damage to the bone, joint an cartilage (bjc) commonly being a fracture/dislocation
What is a Soft tissue injuries?
Usually a sprain or strain of the muscles, tendons or ligaments (mlt)
Give the main two types of fracture
Compound (open) fracture which is a break of a bone through the skin. Simple (closed) the skin remains unbroken, minimising the damage to the soft tissue surrounding it.
What is a green stick fracture?
A splitting partial break in the bone resulting from a bending action (like a fresh twig)
What are transfers, oblique and spiral fractures?
A crack either perpendicular, diagonal or twisting diagonal across the length of the bone
What is a Comminuted fracture
A crack producing multiple fragments of bone and a long recovery process
What is an Impacted fracture
A break caused by the ends of a bone being compressed together
What is an alvulsion fracture?
A bone fragment detached at the site of connective tissue attachment
Definition of a dislocation…
A dislocation occurs when a bone is displaced from another, moving them out of their original position
Definition of a subluxation…
It’s an incomplete/partial dislocation often causing damage to the ligaments that connect bone to bone
What is a Contusion?
A contusion also know as a bruise, is an area of skin or tissue in which the blood vessels are ruptured/torn
What is haematoma?
Ruptured tissue from a contusion can lead to haematoma which is lolalised congealed bleeding from ruptured blood vessels
What is a sprain?
Is damage (overstretch or tear) to the ligaments which connect bone to bone and support a joint
What is a strain?
Is damage (overstretch or tear) to the muscle fibres or tendon connecting muscle to bone
What is abrasion?
Abrasion is superficial damage to the skin caused by a scraping action against a playing surface
What is a blister?
The separation of layers of skin where a pocket of fluid forms due to friction
What is a concussion?
A traumatic brain injury resulting in a disturbance of brain function
What is osteoarthritis?
Degeneration of articulate cartilage from the bone surfaces within a joint, causing pain and restricted movement
What is a stress fracture?
A tiny crack in the surface of a bone caused by overuse
What is a bone spur?
An outgrowth of bone into a joint, causing pain and restricted movement
What are shin splints?
Chronic shin pain due to the inflammation of muscles and stress on the tendon attachments to the surface of the tibia
What is tendinosis?
The deterioration of a tendon in response to chronic overuse and repetitive strain
What is achillies tendinosis?
Pain and deteriation of the tendon in the heel due to overuse and repetitive strain
What is tennis elbow?
Tendon pain in the forearm due to chronic overuse and repetitive strain
Name the intristic risk factors
Posture Alignment Previous injury Insufficient nutrition Poor preparation
Name the extrinsic risk factors
Poor biomechanical training Performance techniques Incorrect equipment and clothing Inappropriate overload without progression Lack of variance in training
What is the fluid that protects the brain?
Cenrospinal fliud
What does an ideal warm up consist of?
- should last 20-45 mins
- gradually increasing intensity
- HR increasing activity, stretching, sport specific drills
What should an ideal cool down consist of?
- last 20-30 mins
* gradually decrease intensity
What does saltaps stand for?
Stop- stop the game if a player is injured
Ask- ask where and what the pain is
Look- look for specific signs such as brusing, and swelling
Touch- gently apply pressure to identify painful regions
Active movement- ask the player if they can move without your assistance
Passive movement- gently move injured area to its full rom
Strength testing- ask the player to stand putting pressure on the area
What does price stand for?
Protection Rest Ice Compression Elevation
What are the 6 R’s?
Recognise- surrounding people should be aware of the signs and symptoms of a concussion
Remove- remove them from the game
Refer- the performer should be referred to a qualified healthcare professional
Rest- players should not be left alone for the first 24h and should rest from exercise until symptom free
Recover- adults must take 1 week to return and U18 two weeks before seeking an authorised return from a healthcare professional
Return- to return to play, the player must have a written authorisation in order to return to play
definition of rehabilitation?
The process of restoring full physical function after an injury has occurred
How many phases does stretching have and what are they?
4
Acute- within the first 3 days of an injury there should be no stretching
Mid phase- 3-14 days, heat therapy, gentle Static and passive stretching should be used, stretching the connective tissues
Later phase- for a further two weeks, PNF stretches should be added to retrain and desensitise the stretch reflex
What is contrast therapy
Use of alternative cold and heat to increase blood flow
Benefits of heat therapy
Vasodilation of blood vessels increasing blood flow, decreasing muscle tension and stiffness
Risks of heat therapy
Increased swelling and pain and an acute injury
Uses of heat therapy
Chronic injuries and late stage acute injuries before exercise
Benefits of cold therapy
Vasoconstriction of blood vessels, decreasing blood flow, swelling and pain
What is contrast therapy
Use of alternative cold and heat to increase blood flow
Benefits of heat therapy
Vasodilation of blood vessels increasing blood flow, decreasing muscle tension and stiffness
Risks of heat therapy
Increased swelling and pain and an acute injury
Uses of heat therapy
Chronic injuries and late stage acute injuries before exercise
Benefits of cold therapy
Vasoconstriction of blood vessels, decreasing blood flow, swelling and pain
What is contrast therapy
Use of alternative cold and heat to increase blood flow
Benefits of heat therapy
Vasodilation of blood vessels increasing blood flow, decreasing muscle tension and stiffness
Risks of heat therapy
Increased swelling and pain and an acute injury
Uses of heat therapy
Chronic injuries and late stage acute injuries before exercise
Benefits of cold therapy
Vasoconstriction of blood vessels, decreasing blood flow, swelling and pain
What is contrast therapy
Use of alternative cold and heat to increase blood flow
Benefits of heat therapy
Vasodilation of blood vessels increasing blood flow, decreasing muscle tension and stiffness
Benefits of cold therapy
Vasoconstriction of blood vessels, decreasing blood flow, swelling and pain
Risks of cold therapy
Tissue and nerve damage if its in contact for to long
Skin abrasion from direct contact (ice to skin)
Uses of cold therapy
Acute injuries and after exercise to relieve symptoms of muscle damage
Benefits of contrast therapy
Increases blood flow and nutrient delivery to damaged tissue
Decreased swelling and pain
Risks of contrast therapy
Limited benefit over cold therapy
Uses of contrast therapy bro
Acute injuries after bleeding and inflammation, relieves the symptoms
Two benefits of a massage
Move nutrients and fluid through damaged tissue to encourage healing and remove waste products
Stretch the tissues, releasing tension improving elasticity
The most common approach to contrast therapy is (The method)
Immerse body shoulder level post exercise
Cold followed by warm
Ratio of cold:warm 1:3 minutes
Accumulating 6/10 mins in cold
Water
What are non steroid anti inflammatory drugs( NSAIDs)
Medication taken to reduce inflammation, temp and pain from injury
How do NSAIDs work
Inhibits chemical response leading to inflammation, interfering with pain signals
Give me 3 side effects of NSAIDs
Heartburn, nausea and diarrhoea
Long term use of NSAIDs can cause …
Gastro intestinal bleeding, shock, anaemia, stroke and heart attack
Definition of physiotherapy
Physical treatment of injuries using methods such as mobilisation, massage, exercise therapy, postural training
A rugby player has broken there shoulder, give me 3 phases of physiotherapy you would take them through
1st - pain relief, minimise swelling, ice therapy, shoulder sling for support
2nd - tailored exercises to maintain muscle strength
3rd- restoring full ROM, muscle length and resting muscle tension about the shoulder joint with mobilisation
What is arthroscopy
Keyhole surgery, small incision is made for camera, repair + examine damage within a joint
What is open surgery, what’s good, what’s bad about it
Incision made to open a joint to repair it
Creates stronger repair but high risk of infection and scarring
Signs and symptoms of a simple fracture
Server pain at fracture site
Loss of movement and swelling
Discolouration
What is menisci
Tough disc of fibrocartlidge in the knee which stabilise and adsorbs shock during weight bearing activity
