Energy For Exercise (1.1) Flashcards
What is metabolism?
The chemical process that occurs within a cell to maintain life, some substances are broken down to provide energy while others are resynthesises to store energy
What is idenosine triphosphate?
A high energy compound which is the only immediately available source of energy for muscular contraction
What is an enzyme?
Biological catalyst which increases the speed of chemical reactions
What is ATPase?
An enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of ATP
What is an Exothermic reaction?
A chemical reaction which releases energy
What is Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)?
A compound formed by the removal of a phosphate bond from ATP ( ATP > ADP + P + energy)
What is an Endothermic reaction?
A chemical reaction which absorbs energy
What is creating kinase?
An enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of phosphocreatine (PC)
What is Physpocreatine?
A high energy compound stored in the muscle cell and broken down for ATP resythesis
What is anaerobic exercise?
Without the presence of oxygen
What is a sarcoplasm
The cytoplasm or fluid within the muscle cell which holds stores of PC, glycogen and myoglobin
What is a mole
A unit of substance quantity
What is a coupled reaction?
Where the products of one reaction are used in another reaction
When would the ATP-PC system be used?
Used during very high intensity activity after the first two seconds of intense activity depletes the original ATP stores
What is Physphofructokinase?
An enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of glucose (glycolysis)
What is Anaerobic glycolysis
The partial breakdown of glucose into pyruvic acid
What is Lactate dehydrogenase?
An enzyme which catalyses the conversion of pyruvic acid into lactic acid
What is obla?
The onset of blood lactate accumulation the point at the which blood lactate levels significantly rise and fatigue sets in
What is the buffering capacity?
The ability of hydrogen carbonate ions ( buffers) to neutralise the effects of lactic acid in the blood stream
What is the keen cycle?
The second stage of the aerobic system producing energy to resynthesise 2 ATP in to the mitochondrial matrix
What is the electron transport chain?
The third stage of the aerobic system producing energy to resynthesise 34 ATP in the mitochondrial crisatae
What is the mitochondria?
A structure within the cell where aerobic respiration and energy production occur
Lipase?
An enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol
What is the energy continuum?
The relative contribution of each energy system to overall energy production depending on the intensity and duration of the activity
What is intermittent exercise?
Activity where the intensity alternates either during interval training between work and relief intervals or during a game with breaks of play and the changes in intensity
What is the threshold?
The point in which an athletes predominant energy production moves from one energy system to another
What is Myoglobin?
A red protein in the muscle cell responsible for carrying and storing oxygen
What is the work to relief ratio?
The volume of relief in relation to the volume of work performed
VO2 max?
Is the max volume of oxygen inspired, transported and utilised per minute during exhaustive exercise?
When is the ATP-PC System used?
High intensity exercise after first 2 seconds
Strengths of ATP-PC System
No delay for oxygen
PC readily available in the cell
No fatiguing by-products
Weaknesses of ATP-PC System
Low ATP yield
Small PC stores lead to rapid fatigue
When would gylcolitic system be used
High intensity exercise after the first 10 seconds
How does Glycolytic system work
Low PC and ATP stores trigger release of PFK which breaks down glucose to provide energy for ATP resynthesis
What happens if glucose levels dip
GPP released to convert glycogen into glucose
In glycolitic system for every one molecule of glucose broken down there is a
Net gain of 2 ATP molecules
How long does glycolitic system last for
3 mins
Strengths of glycolitic system
No delay for oxygen
Lactic acid recycled into fuel
Fast fuel break down for ATP Resynthesis
Weaknesses of glycolitic system
Fatiguing by product lactic acid
Low ATP Yield
When is aerobic system used
Low/Moderate intensity exercise when sufficient oxygen is delivered
Strengths of aerobic glycolysis
Large fuel stores
High ATP yield
No fatiguing by products
Weaknesses of aerobic glycolysis
Delay for oxygen delivery
Triglycerides take 15% more energy to break down
How are triglycerides used in aerobic glycolysis
Lipase released which breaks down triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol which are converted into acetyl CoA and follow path of krebs
