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physical education > Energy For Exercise (1.1) > Flashcards

Energy For Exercise (1.1) Flashcards

1
Q

What is metabolism?

A

The chemical process that occurs within a cell to maintain life, some substances are broken down to provide energy while others are resynthesises to store energy

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2
Q

What is idenosine triphosphate?

A

A high energy compound which is the only immediately available source of energy for muscular contraction

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3
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

Biological catalyst which increases the speed of chemical reactions

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4
Q

What is ATPase?

A

An enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of ATP

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5
Q

What is an Exothermic reaction?

A

A chemical reaction which releases energy

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6
Q

What is Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)?

A

A compound formed by the removal of a phosphate bond from ATP ( ATP > ADP + P + energy)

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7
Q

What is an Endothermic reaction?

A

A chemical reaction which absorbs energy

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8
Q

What is creating kinase?

A

An enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of phosphocreatine (PC)

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9
Q

What is Physpocreatine?

A

A high energy compound stored in the muscle cell and broken down for ATP resythesis

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10
Q

What is anaerobic exercise?

A

Without the presence of oxygen

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11
Q

What is a sarcoplasm

A

The cytoplasm or fluid within the muscle cell which holds stores of PC, glycogen and myoglobin

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12
Q

What is a mole

A

A unit of substance quantity

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13
Q

What is a coupled reaction?

A

Where the products of one reaction are used in another reaction

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14
Q

When would the ATP-PC system be used?

A

Used during very high intensity activity after the first two seconds of intense activity depletes the original ATP stores

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15
Q

What is Physphofructokinase?

A

An enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of glucose (glycolysis)

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16
Q

What is Anaerobic glycolysis

A

The partial breakdown of glucose into pyruvic acid

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17
Q

What is Lactate dehydrogenase?

A

An enzyme which catalyses the conversion of pyruvic acid into lactic acid

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18
Q

What is obla?

A

The onset of blood lactate accumulation the point at the which blood lactate levels significantly rise and fatigue sets in

19
Q

What is the buffering capacity?

A

The ability of hydrogen carbonate ions ( buffers) to neutralise the effects of lactic acid in the blood stream

20
Q

What is the keen cycle?

A

The second stage of the aerobic system producing energy to resynthesise 2 ATP in to the mitochondrial matrix

21
Q

What is the electron transport chain?

A

The third stage of the aerobic system producing energy to resynthesise 34 ATP in the mitochondrial crisatae

22
Q

What is the mitochondria?

A

A structure within the cell where aerobic respiration and energy production occur

23
Q

Lipase?

A

An enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol

24
Q

What is the energy continuum?

A

The relative contribution of each energy system to overall energy production depending on the intensity and duration of the activity

25
Q

What is intermittent exercise?

A

Activity where the intensity alternates either during interval training between work and relief intervals or during a game with breaks of play and the changes in intensity

26
Q

What is the threshold?

A

The point in which an athletes predominant energy production moves from one energy system to another

27
Q

What is Myoglobin?

A

A red protein in the muscle cell responsible for carrying and storing oxygen

28
Q

What is the work to relief ratio?

A

The volume of relief in relation to the volume of work performed

29
Q

VO2 max?

A

Is the max volume of oxygen inspired, transported and utilised per minute during exhaustive exercise?

30
Q

When is the ATP-PC System used?

A

High intensity exercise after first 2 seconds

31
Q

Strengths of ATP-PC System

A

No delay for oxygen
PC readily available in the cell
No fatiguing by-products

32
Q

Weaknesses of ATP-PC System

A

Low ATP yield

Small PC stores lead to rapid fatigue

33
Q

When would gylcolitic system be used

A

High intensity exercise after the first 10 seconds

34
Q

How does Glycolytic system work

A

Low PC and ATP stores trigger release of PFK which breaks down glucose to provide energy for ATP resynthesis

35
Q

What happens if glucose levels dip

A

GPP released to convert glycogen into glucose

36
Q

In glycolitic system for every one molecule of glucose broken down there is a

A

Net gain of 2 ATP molecules

37
Q

How long does glycolitic system last for

A

3 mins

38
Q

Strengths of glycolitic system

A

No delay for oxygen
Lactic acid recycled into fuel
Fast fuel break down for ATP Resynthesis

39
Q

Weaknesses of glycolitic system

A

Fatiguing by product lactic acid

Low ATP Yield

40
Q

When is aerobic system used

A

Low/Moderate intensity exercise when sufficient oxygen is delivered

41
Q

Strengths of aerobic glycolysis

A

Large fuel stores
High ATP yield
No fatiguing by products

42
Q

Weaknesses of aerobic glycolysis

A

Delay for oxygen delivery

Triglycerides take 15% more energy to break down

43
Q

How are triglycerides used in aerobic glycolysis

A

Lipase released which breaks down triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol which are converted into acetyl CoA and follow path of krebs

physical education (13 decks)

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