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Pedia > Initial Assessment of the Newborn > Flashcards

Initial Assessment of the Newborn Flashcards

1
Q

Normal Weight Range:

A

2.5 – 4.7 kg (5.5-10 lbs)

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2
Q

Average kg Female

A

3.4 kg

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3
Q

Average kg Male

A

3.5 kg

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4
Q

First few days, newborns lose about ___________________ of birth weight

A

5 % to 10% (6 to 10 oz)

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5
Q

Breastfed newborns recapture birth wt within

A

10 days

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6
Q

Formula fed newborns recapture birth wt within

A

7 days

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7
Q

Normal Weight Range

A

Doubles at 5 months, Triples at 12 months and Quadruples at 2 to 2.5 years of age (based on weight at birth).

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8
Q

Normal Length Range:

A

46-54 cm (18-22 inches )

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9
Q

Normal Length Range:
Average (50th Percentile)

A

49 cm (19.2 in.) for females and 50 cm (19.6 in.) for males

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10
Q

Second important determinant in relation to weight in confirming a healthy newborn

A

Length

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11
Q

Normal Head Circumference Range:

A

34-35 cm (13.5 to 14 in.)

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12
Q

Normal Chest Circumference Range:

A

32-33 cm (12.6 to 13 in.)

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13
Q

Usually 2 to 3 cm smaller than the head

A

Chest Circumference

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14
Q

Normal Abdominal Circumference Range:

A

32-33 cm (12.6 to 13 in.)

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15
Q

Blood Pressure

A

Approximately 80/46 mmHg at birth and rises to about 100/50 mm Hg by the 10th day.

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16
Q

Not routinely measured unless a cardiac anomaly is suspected.

A

Blood Pressure

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17
Q

For an accurate reading, the cuff width used ___________________________________________________________________________________

A

must be no more than two thirds the length of the upper arm or thigh

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18
Q

TEMPERATURE:

A

36.5 °C– 37 °C (97.7 °F- 98.6°F)

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19
Q

PULSE

A

110-160 beats per minute

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20
Q

Slightly irregular due to immaturity of the cardiac regulatory center in the medulla.

A

PULSE

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21
Q

_____________________ may result from the incomplete closure of fetal circulation shunts.

A

Transient murmurs

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22
Q

Transient murmurs may result from the

A

incomplete closure of fetal circulation shunts.

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23
Q

When crying, pulse usually elevates to

A

180 bpm and decreases to 90 to 110 bpm during sleep.

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24
Q

_________________________ pulses are palpable compared to radial and temporal pulses which are more difficult to palpate with any degree of accuracy.

A

Brachial and femoral

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25
Q

Newborn’s heart rate is always determined by listening for an ____________________ for a full minute, rather than assessing a pulse in an extremity.

A

apical heartbeat

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26
Q

Always palpate for ______________________

A

femoral pulses

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27
Q

RESPIRATION

A

30 to 60 breaths per minute (at rest)

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28
Q

Irregular respiratory depth, rate, and rhythm

A

NORMAL

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29
Q

Respirations are observed most easily by watching the movement of a newborn’s _____________________, because breathing primarily involves the use of the ___________________________________________

A

abdomen; diaphragm and abdominal muscles

30
Q

are present at birth to clear the airway

A

Coughing and sneezing reflexes

31
Q

Newborns are obligate

A

nose-breathers

32
Q

may be beneficial to a newborn.

A

Short periods of crying, which increase the depth of respirations and aid in aerating deep portions of the lungs

33
Q

APGAR meaning

A

Apperance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration

34
Q

Proponent of APGAR SCREENING TEST:

A

Dr. Virginia Apgar

35
Q

Used to evaluate the prognosis of a newborn to determine if there is adjustment on extrauterine life.

A

APGAR SCREENING TEST

36
Q

APGAR SCREENING TEST is done

A

twice at 1 and 5 minutes respectively

37
Q

The Newborn Maturity Rating and Classification

A

BALLARD’S ASSESSMENT OF GESTATIONAL AGE

38
Q

A. Physical Maturity
6 categories

A
  1. Skin
  2. Lanugo
  3. Plantar creases
  4. Breast buds
  5. Ears
  6. Genitals
39
Q

Neuromuscular Maturity
6 Categories:

A
  1. Posture
  2. Square window (measurement of wrist angle with flexion toward forearm until resistance is met)
  3. Arm recoil (extension and release of arm after arm is completely flexed and held in position for approximately 5 seconds)
  4. Popliteal angle (measurement of knee angle on flexion of thigh with extension of lower leg until resistance is met).
  5. Scarf sign (arm pulled gently in front of and across top portion of body until resistance is met).
  6. Heel to ear (movement of foot to near the head as possible)
40
Q

measurement of wrist angle with flexion toward forearm until resistance is met

A

Square window

41
Q

extension and release of arm after arm is completely flexed and held in position for approximately 5 seconds

A

Arm recoil

42
Q

measurement of knee angle on flexion of thigh with extension of lower leg until resistance is met

A

Popliteal angle

43
Q

arm pulled gently in front of and across top portion of body until resistance is met

A

Scarf sign

44
Q

movement of foot to near the head as possible

A

Heel to ear

45
Q

Mucus is removed using a ____________________________________________________ only when necessary

A

bulb syringe and/or with a suction catheter

46
Q

Never suction vigorously—- Why?

A
  1. to prevent irritation of mucous membranes
  2. to prevent infection
  3. to prevent bradycardia due to vagal nerve stimulation.
47
Q

an excellent way to meet the needs of the newborn and provide family-centered care

A

Kangaroo care

48
Q

If a clamp loosens before thrombosis obliterates the umbilical vessels, ____________________ could result.

A

hemorrhage

49
Q

Count number of cord vessels after cutting:

A

AVA- 2 arteries, 1 vein

50
Q

diapers are folded ______________________________, so that, when the diaper becomes wet, the cord does not become wet as well.

A

below the level of the umbilical cord

51
Q

Newborns receive prophylactic eye treatment to prevent _____________________________

A

ophthalmia neonatorum

52
Q

a severe eye infection contracted in the birth canal of a woman with gonorrhea or chlamydia.

A

ophthalmia neonatorum

53
Q

Three ophthalmic agents that have been approved
for eye prophylaxis:

A

1% silver nitrate, 0.5% erythromycin, and 1%
tetracycline

54
Q

VITAMIN K ADMINISTRATION

A

1.0 mg of vitamin K, administered IM within the first
hour of life to prevent bleeding problems.

55
Q

VITAMIN K ADMINISTRATION
Possible adverse reactions:

A

Local irritation, such as pain and swelling at the site of
injection.

56
Q

Administer IM injection into large muscle

A

(anterolateral muscle of a newborn’s thigh)

57
Q

Assess for signs of bleeding

A

black, tarry stools, hematuria, decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, and bleeding from any open wounds or base of the cord

58
Q

All newborns receive a first vaccination against

A

hepatitis B within 12 hours after birth

59
Q

Infants whose mothers are positive for the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) also receive ______________________________ at birth

A

hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG)

60
Q

Bath water should be approximately ________________________________, a temperature that feels pleasantly warm to the elbow or wrist.

A

98° to 100° F (37° to 38° C)

61
Q

soap should be mild and without a __________________ base

A

hexachlorophene

62
Q

Bathing should proceed from the ______________________________________________________ of the body—that is, from the __________________________________________________________

A

cleanest to the most soiled areas; eyes and face to the trunk and extremities and, last, to the diaper area

63
Q

Eyes: Wipe with clear water from the ________________________________, using a clean portion of the washcloth for each eye

A

inner canthus outward

64
Q

serves as a lubricant and is protective against infections

A

Vernix

65
Q

Remains the ideal nutritional source for infants through the first year of life

A

BREASTFEEDING

66
Q

A thin, watery, yellow fluid composed of protein, sugar, fat, water, minerals, vitamins, and maternal antibodies.

A

COLOSTRUM

67
Q

COLOSTRUM is secreted starting in the

A

fourth month of pregnancy.

68
Q

COLOSTRUM production continues for the

A

first 3 or 4 days after birth.

69
Q

high in protein and fairly low in sugar and fat, making it easy to digest and capable of providing adequate nutrition for a newborn until it is replaced by transitional breast milk on the second to fourth day.

A

COLOSTRUM

70
Q

True or mature breast milk is produced by
the

A

10th day

71
Q

______________________________________________ is an acceptable position

A

Placing the baby over one shoulder and gently patting or stroking the back

72
Q

is often the best position to use for burping

A

Holding the baby in a sitting position on the
lap, then leaning the child forward against
one hand, with the index finger and thumb
supporting the heads

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